Astyanax vermilion and Astyanax burgerai: new characid fishes (Ostariophysi: Characiformes) from Northeastern Bahia, Brazil

Abstract

Two new Astyanax species, A. vermilion, from rio Almada and rio Cachoeira, and A. burgerai, from rio Almada, Bahia State, Brazil, are described. Astyanax vermilion is distinguished from most of its congeners and from all other Astyanax species known from northeastern Brazilian drainages by having distal portion of pelvic fins dark, a combination of sexually dimorphic characters, posteroventral portion of body and fins (except pectoral) reddish in life, and inconspicuous humeral and caudal spots. It also differs by having highest body depth just anterior of dorsal-fin origin, 32-34 lateral-line scales, and presence of one or two maxillary teeth. Astyanax burgerai is diagnosed by the presence of two vertically elongated humeral blotches, absence of a conspicuous and broad dark midlateral stripe (at least on anterior half of body), body highest along vertical slightly behind midlength of pectoral fin, 31-34 lateral-line scales, and two or three teeth on premaxillary outer series.Duas espécies novas de Astyanax, A. vermilion, do rio Almada e rio Cachoeira, e A. burgerai, do rio Almada, Estado da Bahia, Brasil, são descritas. Astyanax vermilion distingue-se da maioria de suas congêneres e de todas as espécies de Astyanax conhecidas das drenagens do Nordeste do Brasil por ter porção distal da nadadeira pélvica escurecida, uma combinação de caracteres sexualmente dimórficos, porção póstero-ventral do corpo e nadadeiras (exceto peitoral) avermelhadas em vida e manchas umeral e caudal inconspícuas. Difere também por ter maior altura do corpo imediatamente anterior à origem da nadadeira dorsal, 32-34 escamas na linha lateral e presença de um ou dois dentes no maxilar. Astyanax burgerai é diagnosticada pela presença de duas manchas umerais alongadas verticalmente, ausência de faixa lateral larga e conspícua, ao menos na metade anterior do corpo, maior altura do corpo na vertical situada levemente posterior à metade da nadadeira peitoral, 31-34 escamas na linha lateral e dois ou três dentes na série externa do pré-maxilar.

Integrative taxonomy detects cryptic and overlooked fish species in a neotropical river basin

“…The morphological identification of Astyanax sp. was divergent from the A. vermilion description presented in Zanata and Camelier (2009). Astyanax vermilion possessed a dark distal portion of the distal pelvic fin, 32-34 lateral line scales, 20-23 branched anal-fin rays, five series of scales between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line and no more than five cusps on the dentary teeth.…”

“…All specimens were photographed, geo-referenced, and identified to the lowest taxonomic level using meristicbased identification keys and taxonomic papers (Vari 1992;Albert et al 1999;Castro and Vari 2004;Zanata and Camelier 2009) (Supplemental Materials).…”

Ictiofauna do Ribeirão Limoeiro, Bacia do Rio Cachoeira, BA

“…Recentemente foram descritas duas espécies novas de Astyanax, no estado da Bahia: Astyanax vermilion, no Rio Almada e Rio Cachoeira, e Astyanax burgerai, no Rio Almada (Zanata & Camelier 2009). Entretanto poucos são os trabalhos de cunho ecológico/naturalístico envolvendo ambientes fluviais de pequeno e médio porte (Castro, 1999).…”

Revision of the Neotropical trahiras of the Hoplias lacerdae species-group (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Erythrinidae) with descriptions of two new species

“…The area from southern coastal Bahia to the northern portion of Espírito Santo is inhabited by many endemic taxa, and is considered a "hotspot" of biodiversity (Bizerril, 1994;Chomitz et al, 2005;Galindo-Leal & Câmara, 2005;Rocha et al, 2005). Examples of endemic fishes from that region can be found in the studies of Menezes (1988), Weitzman et al (1988) Zanata & Camelier (2009), among others. Many other organisms are also known to be endemic to this region, including plants (Harley, 1988;Soderstrom et al, 1988;Thomas et al, 1998), amphibians (Cruz & Pimenta, 2004), lizards (Rodrigues et al, 2002;Pellegrino et al, 2005), birds Silveira et al, 2005), and mammals (Emmons & Vucetich, 1998;Ventura et al, 2004 Description.…”