New species of Jupiaba Zanata (Characiformes: Characidae) from Serra do Cachimbo, with comments on the endemism of upper rio Curuá, rio Xingu basin, Brazil

Abstract

A new species of Jupiaba is described from rio Curuá, a tributary of the rio Iriri, rio Xingu basin, Pará State, Brazil. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by the unique combination of teeth cusps of similar size, dentary teeth gradually decreasing in size towards posterior portion, color pattern consisting of dark markings on the base of the majority of lateral body scales, inconspicuous dark elongate humeral blotch and conspicuous dark round blotch on the caudal peduncle, and 21 to 24 branched anal-fin rays. The new species is very similar, and possibly sister taxon to J. meunieri. Comments on the endemism of the fish fauna of the upper rio Curuá are given. Uma nova espécie de Jupiaba é descrita do rio Curuá, afluente do rio Iriri, bacia do rio Xingu, Estado do Pará, Brasil. A nova espécie difere de seus congêneres pela combinação única de dentes com cúspides aproximadamente de mesmo tamanho e dentes do dentário gradualmente menores posteriormente, pelo colorido que consiste em manchas escuras na base da maioria das escamas laterais do corpo, mancha umeral alongada e inconspícua e mancha caudal redonda e conspícua , e 21 a 24 raios ramificados na nadadeira anal. A nova espécie é similar e possivelmente táxon irmão de J. meunieri. Comentários sobre o endemismo da fauna de peixes do alto rio Curuá são fornecidos.

A new species of Moenkhausia Eigenmann (Characiformes: Characidae) from the upper rio Machado at Chapada dos Parecis, rio Madeira basin, Brazil

“…Therefore, there is no further evidence of a close relationship of the new species to members of this group. Two species of Jupiaba Zanata, J. kurua Birindelli, Zanata, Sousa &J. meunieri (Géry, Planquette &Le Bail, 1996) possess dark blotches on the anterior portion of the body scales, as does Moenkhausia parecis.…”

“…meunieri (Géry, Planquette &Le Bail, 1996) possess dark blotches on the anterior portion of the body scales, as does Moenkhausia parecis. Birindelli et al (2009) used that color pattern to indicate a close relationship between these species of Jupiaba. However, Moenkhausia parecis lacks the synapomorphic features of Jupiaba (Zanata, 1997;Zanata & Lima, 2005) including the presence of pelvic bone anteriorly developed as a spine, with its anterior portion free from musculature, and clearly does not belong to Jupiaba.…”

Two new species of Moenkhausia Eigenmann (Characiformes: Characidae) from Serra do Cachimbo, Pará, Northern Brazil

“…Goulding et al (2003) suggested a high level of endemism for the species from the Serra do Cachimbo, suggestion confirmed by subsequent collections (Birindelli et al, 2009a;Sabaj Pérez, 2009). The description of Jupiaba kurua (Birindelli et al, 2009b), and Leporinus guttatus (Birindelli & Britski, 2009) from the rio Curuá provided evidence that the fish fauna upstream of the falls at Cachoeira da Serra was isolated from the rest of the drainage and is apparently highly endemic.…”

New species of the genus Leporinus Agassiz (Characiformes: Anostomidae) from the rio Curuá, rio Xingu basin, Serra do Cachimbo, Brazil, with comments on Leporinus reticulatus

“…The rio Curuá is a tributary to the rio Iriri, a large tributary to the lower rio Xingu. The absence of L. guttatus from collections made below the waterfalls indicates that the new species might be restricted to the river portion isolated above the falls (see Birindelli et al, 2009 for discussion on the endemism of the upper rio Curuá Ichthyofauna).…”

“…Fish collections from the Serra do Cachimbo, the highest portion of the Brazilian shield in the Amazon, have revealed a quite rich and endemic fish fauna (Lima & Birindelli, 2006;Birindelli et al, 2009). The area is drained by three major river basins, the rio Curuá, a large tributary of the rio Iriri in the rio Xingu basin, and the rio Teles Pires and the rio Jamanxim, flowing into the rio Tapajós.…”