Environmental factors related to entry into and ascent of fish in the experimental ladder located close to Itaipu Dam

Abstract

We evaluated the seasonality of the ascent of fish in an experimental ladder located close to Itaipu Dam, and its relationships to reproduction, temperature, river level and discharge. Samplings of fish and measurements of abiotic factors were performed from February, 1995 through January, 1997, in two resting pools of the ladder. Pool A was located 10 m above the mean level of the Paraná River; Pool B was located at the upper end of the ladder, at a height of 27 m. Autoregressive models were used to remove the temporal dependence between observations. Residuals of the models were used to relate, using Pearson's correlation coefficient, the densities of fish to the environmental variables. Clear patterns of seasonality were observed for temperature. River level, turbine discharge and spillway discharge, although they showed no clear seasonal dynamics, were timedependent, because the autocorrelation coefficients for different k values were significant. In the samples of larger-sized fish, 23 species were recorded during the two years of study. Most of the individuals were in a non reproductive state, and about 90% of the individuals belonged to only six species. The temporal variability in total abundance, considering all species, indicated a pattern of seasonal variation; high abundances occurred from October through February (75%) and in Pool A (61% of the 1343 individuals sampled). Low abundances were recorded during winter, with the correlogram of total density confirming this tendency. In the samples of smaller-sized species, six species were recorded, with all six present in both pools, but more frequent in the first pool (64%). Bryconamericus stramineus comprised 99% of the total numbers of smaller fish in the samples. The total abundance of small species showed different temporal patterns of seasonal variation in the two years of study.O presente estudo avalia a sazonalidade da ascensão de peixes na escada experimental localizada junto à barragem da hidrelétrica de Itaipu e as relações com a reprodução, temperatura, nível do rio e suas vazões. As amostragens de peixes e de fatores abióticos foram obtidas de fevereiro de 1995 a janeiro de 1997, em dois tanques de descanso, aqui denominados Caixas, sendo o primeiro, Caixa A, localizado na altura de 10 m da cota média do rio Paraná, e o segundo, Caixa B, ao final da escada, a 27 m de altura. Modelos autoregressivos foram empregados com o objetivo de remover a dependência temporal entre as observações. Posteriormente, os resíduos dos modelos foram utilizados para relacionar, através do coeficiente de correlação de Pearson, as densidades de peixes com as variáveis ambientais. Padrões claros de sazonalidade foram observados para a variável temperatura. As variáveis cota, vazão turbinada e vazão vertida, embora não tenham apresentado dinâmicas sazonais claras, foram temporalmente dependentes, tendo em vista que os coeficientes de autocorrelação, para diferentes k, foram significativos. Na amostragem de peixes de maior porte foram registradas 23 espécies ao longo...

The Canal da Piracema at Itaipu Dam as a fish pass system

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Fish passages in South America: an overview of studied facilities and research effort

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An Efficiency Analysis of a Nature-Like Fishway for Freshwater Fish Ascending a Large Korean River

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