Two new species of Apistogramma Regan (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from the rio Trombetas, Pará State, Brazil

Abstract

Apistogramma angayuara is described from the rio Trombetas close to the cachoeira Vira Mundo where it is found in association with rapids. It is assigned to the A. pertensis species group, distinguished by the following characters in combination: three prominent stripes composed of dark spots along the sides of the abdomen, 2 vs. 3 postlachrymal infraorbital pores, 5 vs. 4 dentary pores, low dorsal fin in adult males, and presence of a caudal spot. It is the smallest species of Apistogramma reported so far, with the largest male 24.7 mm SL and the largest female 22.7 mm SL, and the first cichlid species found with a significant proportion of rhizopods in the stomach content. Apistogramma salpinction is described from lentic habitats at the margin of road BR-163, circa 70 km from Cachoeira Porteira village, in a swamp most probably connected to the igarapé Caxipacoré. It is compared to members of the Apistogramma cacatuoides group with which it shares prolonged anterior dorsal fin lappets and marginal caudal fin streamers in adult males. It is distinguished from all other species of Apistogramma by the color pattern which includes a lateral band and abdominal stripes that become darker and have much lighter interspaces on the caudal peduncle, and a caudal spot that is divided into elongated blotches continuing the lateral band and upper two abdominal stripes, respectively.<br>Apistogramma angayuara é descrita para o rio Trombetas próximo à cachoeira Vira Mundo, onde é encontrada associada com corredeiras. É a menor espécie de Apistogramma até agora registrada, com o maior macho atingindo 24,7 mm CP, e a maior fêmea 22,7 mm CP. Trata-se do primeiro registro de uma espécie de ciclideo com grande quantidade de rizopodos em seu conteúdo estomacal. Apistogramma angayuara pertence ao grupo A. pertensis e difere das demais espécies deste grupo pela seguinte combinação de caracteres: três conspícuas séries de pontos escuros ao longo da região abdominal, 2 vs. 3 poros infra-orbitais pós-lacrimais, e 5 vs. 4 poros dentários, nadadeira dorsal baixa em machos adultos, e presença de uma mancha caudal grande. Apistogramma salpinction é descrita de habitats lênticos localizados na margem da BR-163, cerca de 70 km da vila de Cachoeira Porteira, em um alagadiço que provavelmente está conectado ao igarapé Caxipacoré, e é semelhante a membros do grupo Apistogramma cacatuoides com o qual compartilha as membranas anteriores da nadadeira dorsal prolongadas e faixas marginais na nadadeira caudal em machos adultos. Entretanto, difere pelo padrão de colorido que inclui uma faixa lateral e listras abdominais mais escuras e com interespaços mais claros no pedúnculo caudal, que se prolongam sobre a base da nadadeira caudal em uma pinta caudal dividida em manchas alongadas continuando a faixa lateral e duas listras abdominais, respectivamente

Stream ichthyofauna of the Tapajós National Forest, Pará, Brazil

“…Dagosta et al 2012), and descriptions of new species (e.g. Kullander and Ferreira 2005; Lima et al 2009; Sousa et al 2010; Ribeiro et al 2011; Dutra et al 2012; Teixeira et al 2013; Espíndola et al 2014; Román-Valencia et al 2014; Silva-Oliveira et al 2015). …”

A new Amazonian species of Brachychalcinus (Characiformes: Characidae) from the Trombetas River basin, Brazil

“…This is understandable since, employing Reis's (, p. 60) identification key, it matches with B. copei (10 branched dorsal‐fin rays; lateral line with 36–38 perforated scales) (Figure ). Kullander and Ferreira () affirmed that the lower rapids of the Rio Trombetas may form a distribution barrier to species of Apistogramma , Aequidens , and Crenicichla . These authors also cited species of other families known only from the Cachoeira Porteira and upstream in the Trombetas, such as the anostomid Sartor elongatus Santos and Jégu (), the characid Bryconexodon trombetasi Jégu et al .…”

“…This is understandable since, employing Reis's (1989, p. 60) identification key, it matches with B. copei (10 branched dorsal-fin rays; lateral line with 36-38 perforated scales) (Figure 3). Kullander and Ferreira (2005)…”

Consequences of suppressing natural vegetation in drainage areas for freshwater ecosystem conservation: considerations on the new "Brazilian forest code"

“…This fish is found in Amazon rivers such as the Negro and Tefé that have a high concentration of DOM (humic acids) (Kullander & Ferreira 2005). Increased deforestation will alter the characteristics of these trophic niches in dark water Amazon rivers (Henderson & Walker 1986) and will have a significant impact on the numerous specialized biota associated with these habitats .…”