Prevalence of Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 and 2 among blood donors in Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil

Morais, Márcia P. E.; Gato, Cynara Melo; Maciel, Lucinei Alves; Lalwani, Pritesh; Costa, Cristóvão Alves da; Lalwani, Jaila Dias Borges

doi:10.1590/s1678-9946201759080

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In Japan, the adjusted overall prevalence rates were estimated to be 660 per 100,000 and 1020 per 100,000 in men and women, respectively . The prevalence in the United States, France, Brazil, and Peru were 21.9 per 100,000, 15 per 100,000, 24.7 per 100,000, and 915 per 100,000, respectively, while the prevalence in the Netherlands was 0.85 per 100,000 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence of human T‐cell leukemia virus in blood donors in China

Huang

et al. 2019

Transfusion

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BACKGROUND China has not yet incorporated routine human T‐lymphotropic virus (HTLV)‐1/2 blood donor screening, even though HTLV has been reported in the southeastern coastal region. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of HTLV in five major regions across of China. METHODS From January 2016 to December 2017, blood samples were collected in 20 blood centers located in different regions of China. These samples were screened for HTLV‐1/2 antibodies using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). If the test samples were reactive, the samples were confirmed with a western blot (WB) assay. If the results of WB were indeterminate, the donor was interviewed after a minimum lapse of 8 weeks. All follow‐up samples from donors were tested for anti–HTLV‐1/2 with ELISA and WB. RESULTS There were 875,453 donor samples tested for anti–HTLV‐1/2 by ELISA. In all, 365 samples tested negative, 22 samples tested positive by WB, and 14 samples with HTLV status undetermined due to being lost to follow‐up. The prevalences were 11.09, 5.96, 3.16, 2.88 and 0.98 per 100,000 in Xiamen, Changsha, Beijing, Shenzhen, and Nanjing blood center, respectively. The prevalences were 0 per 100,000 for all 15 other blood centers. There was significant differences in the prevalence of HTLV in different regions of China (p = 0.0011). CONCLUSION In China, HTLV‐1 confirmed positive donors are mainly from southeastern coastal areas. It may be necessary to conduct HTLV screening in these areas to reduce the risk of transfusion‐transmitted HTLV.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence of human T‐cell leukemia virus in blood donors in China

Huang

et al. 2019

Transfusion

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“… Most of the reports were performed in Brazil, Peru and Jamaica; all of them are considered endemic regions , , . …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human T‐Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 and associated diseases in Latin America

Eusebio‐Ponce

Candel

Anguita

2019

Tropical Med Int Health

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This narrative review, which is based on a systematic literature search following the PRISMA guidelines, provides a general overview of Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and associated diseases: Adult T-cell Leukaemia-Lymphoma (ATLL) and HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP) in Latin America, focusing on epidemiology and prevention. Using the published information on HTLV-1, ATLL and HAM/TSP prevalence, we present comprehensive and accurate maps and tables, and developed an algorithm to assist in the prevention of HTLV-1 transmission through breastfeeding while considering socio-economic status. Latin America is an interesting scenario to study HTLV-1 because of the diverse origin of its population. Apart from the expected high prevalence in inhabitants of African ancestry, the presence of endemic foci affecting indigenous populations is particularly striking. ATLL prevention is the biggest challenge in this field. Most ATLL cases are transmitted through breastfeeding; thus, prevention methods to avoid ATLL in endemic countries have to be focused on this. In view of the high inequality in most Latin American countries, reduction in breastfeeding duration, freezing/ thawing and pasteurisation of breastmilk can be suitable interventions in poor settings, considering that avoiding the risk of malnutrition and infant mortality must be the priority.

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“…Two other relevant investigations showed that HTLV infection was not present among pregnant women [105] or patients presenting with skin diseases (including dermatitis), leishmaniasis and leprosy [112]. More recently, data were published related to a retrospective prevalence of antibodies in a large group of blood donors (n = 87,402) who were initially screened from 2001 to 2003; however, only 24 persons were confirmed to be infected by HTLV-1 and HTLV-2, which shows the low prevalence of infection in the city of Manaus [113].…”

Section: Epidemiological Data Of Htlv-1 and Htlv-2 In The Amazon Regimentioning

confidence: 99%

The challenge of describing the epidemiology of HTLV in the Amazon region of Brazil

Ishak

Vallinoto

2020

Retrovirology

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HTLV-1 was the first described human retrovirus and was soon found to be associated with severe clinical diseases, including a devastating lymphoma/leukemia and other inflammatory diseases. Although HTLV-2 is not usually pathogenic, it is widely distributed among native Indian populations in Brazil, particularly in the Amazon region of the country. Presently, HTLV spreads mainly by the sexual route and from mother to child, and virus persistence is an active biological factor aiding its transmission. Recently, the use of illicit drugs has been shown to be an additional risk factor, showing the influence of new habits on the epidemiology of HTLV in the region. Despite the detection of the virus in several different populations in the Amazon region of Brazil for almost 30 years, the exact prevalence of HTLV-1/2 is not well defined. The original biases in sampling and the selection of epidemiologically unsuitable populations were commonly repeated in most prevalence studies, generating unreliable and conflicting figures that do not represent the actual prevalence of HTLV. The improvements in clinical and laboratory facilities have resulted in the description of several clinical manifestations that were previously unknown in the region. The extent of the spread of the virus must be defined in this region, which is the largest geographical area of the country. As prophylaxis advances toward the use of vaccines against HTLV-1, it is important to determine who is at risk of being infected and developing a disease to successfully implement preventive measures, particularly as proposals are made to eradicate the virus among humans.

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Prevalence of Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 and 2 among blood donors in Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil

Cited by 23 publications

References 24 publications

The prevalence of human T‐cell leukemia virus in blood donors in China

The prevalence of human T‐cell leukemia virus in blood donors in China

Human T‐Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 and associated diseases in Latin America

The challenge of describing the epidemiology of HTLV in the Amazon region of Brazil

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