Malignant catarrhal fever-like lesions associated with ovine herpesvirus-2 infection in young calves (Bos indicus): a case report

Abstract

Infection of susceptible ruminants, including domestic cattle (Bos taurus) and American bison (Bison bison), with ovine herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2) may provoke the fatal vasculitis and lymphoproliferative syndrome, known as malignant catarrhal fever (MCF), reported worldwide. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a clinical case of MCF-like lesions associated with ovine herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2) infection in young calves (Bos indicus) including central nervous symptoms that occurred in Três Lagoas city, Mato Grosso do Sul state, a border town near São Paulo state, Brazil. The diagnosis was based on typical histological lesions characterized by systemic lymphohistiocytic and fibrinoid vasculitis, confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and subsequent phylogenetic analysis of detected OvHV-2 sequences. This finding indicates that MCF disease is spread among herds concentrated in border areas between Mato Grosso do Sul and São Paulo states.KEY WORDS: ovine herpesvirus-2, malignant catarrhal fever (MCF), meningoencephalitis, cattle.

Ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 infections in cattle without typical manifestations of sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever and concomitantly infected with bovine coronavirus

“…Furthermore, our group has demonstrated the participation of OvHV-2 in cattle with neurological syndromes but without typical clinical manifestations of SA-MCF [ 15 ], with similar findings in cattle with pulmonary [ 19 , 20 , 22 ] and renal [ 21 ] diseases. Additionally, several reports have confirmed the participation of OvHV-2 in cattle [ 13 , 16 , 45 , 46 ] and the American bison [ 16 – 18 ] without typical clinical manifestations of SA-MCF. Moreover, it was suggested that infected animals without typical SA-MCA may be subclinically infected by OvHV-2 [ 16 ].…”

Malignant Catarrhal Fever in Indonesia and Its Control Strategy

“…Secara histopatologis, lesi patognomonik berupa peradangan pada dinding pembuluh darah (vaskulitis) pada berbagai organ, dengan derajat keparahan lesi bervariasi (Luvizotto et al 2010), disertai dengan peradangan non-supuratif pada rete mirabile, otak, trakhea, paru-paru, jantung, hati, ginjal, kandung kemih, abomasum dan usus halus (Dettwiler et al 2011). Vaskulitis didominasi oleh infiltrasi limfosit dan makrofag, disertai sel plasma pada beberapa organ seperti kornea mata, otak, meningen, rete mirabile, ginjal, hati, kelenjar adrenal dan pada kulit (Jacobsen et al 2007).…”

“…Infektifitas kedua bentuk MCF hanya dapat dideteksi pada sel (cell associated) dan virusnya tidak pernah ditemukan bebas di luar sel sehingga MCF tidak dapat menular dari hewan yang terserang MCF ke hewan peka lainnya (Li et al 2011b). Lesi HP yang patognomonik adalah vaskulitis (Luvizotto et al 2010) yang salah satunya dapat ditemukan pada rete mirabile (Jacobsen et al 2007). Karena dari rete mirabile keluar cabang-cabang antara lain berupa arteri carotid cerebral dan arteri ophtalmic interna, sehingga beralasan jika infeksi awal yang ditandai vaskulitis pada rete berkembang menjadi MCF klinis.…”

“…Karena dari rete mirabile keluar cabang-cabang antara lain berupa arteri carotid cerebral dan arteri ophtalmic interna, sehingga beralasan jika infeksi awal yang ditandai vaskulitis pada rete berkembang menjadi MCF klinis. Dinding pembuluh pada vaskulitis akan menebal dan lumen menyempit sehingga mengganggu sirkulasi darah ke organ-organ yang mendapat suplai darah dari rete (Luvizotto et al 2010).…”

Sheep associated malignant catarrhal fever: an emerging disease of bovids in India

“…Beef cattle housed next to sheep flock showing respiratory symptoms were identified to be suffering from SA-MCF in Jordan by collective clinical, genomic detection and histopathological testing. In a survey conducted in the North eastern region of Brazil, out of a total of 441 cattle tested which showed neurological signs, 6.3 % were found to be MCF positive [55].…”