Comparison of infection by Brucella spp. in free-ranging and captive wild animals from São Paulo State, Brazil

Antunes, João Marcelo Azevedo de Paula; Machado, Gustavo Puglia; Costa, Luís Flávio da Silva; Fornazari, Felipe; Cipriano, J. R. B.; Appolinário, Camila Michele; Allendorf, Susan Dora; Bagagli, Eduardo; Teixeira, Carlos Roberto; Megid, Jane

doi:10.1590/s1678-91992010000400017

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Regarding leptospirosis, our results contradict these thoughts. Likewise, in preliminary studies, we found low prevalence of toxoplasmosis (Fornazari et al, 2011), leishmaniasis (Paiz et al, 2015) and brucellosis (Antunes et al, 2010). Thus, contrary to our initial thoughts, so far there is no evidence that opossums are important carriers of zoonoses in Botucatu.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 88%

Leptospira reservoirs among wildlife in Brazil: Beyond rodents

et al. 2018

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Leptospirosis is a disease of great importance in tropical regions. Infection occurs mainly through contact with water contaminated with the urine of infected animals, especially that of rodents. Despite the diversity and abundance of wild fauna in Brazil, little is known about the role of other wild species in the epidemiology of leptospirosis. This study aimed to investigate new reservoirs of Leptospira among wildlife in Brazil, using serological and molecular diagnoses in a large-sized sample. Biological samples were collected from 309 free-ranging mammals, belonging to 16 species. The majority of the animals included were opossums (Didelphis albiventris) and coatis (Nasua nasua). Blood and urine samples were subjected to the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and real-time PCR, respectively. Genetic characterization of genomospecies was performed using PCR amplicons. Statistical analysis was applied to test associations between positive diagnoses and age, sex, season and type of environment. The prevalence of infection found via MAT and PCR was 11% and 5.5%, respectively. If these tests are taken to be complementary, the overall prevalence was 16%. The most common serogroups were Djasiman and Australis, while L. santarosai was the prevalent genomospecies. Significant differences in prevalence between animal species were observed. Greater risk of infection was detected among adult opossums than among young ones. The influence of each serogroup and genomospecies was tested for the same variables, and this revealed higher risk of infection by L. santarosai among male opossums than among females. The present study highlights the exposure and carrier status of several wild species in Brazil and it indicates that coatis and other carnivores are priorities for further investigations.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 88%

Leptospira reservoirs among wildlife in Brazil: Beyond rodents

et al. 2018

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“…Regarding Brucella spp., the animal tested in this case reported a negative result to B. canis antibodies (Table 4), which is the standard screening test. This pathogen is constantly surveilled for in the species, although only two studies reported the presence of antibodies in serum, and none remained positive in the confirmatory tests (Antunes et al., 2010; Deem & Emmons, 2005; Deem et al., 2012; Kida, 2013). Although the maned wolves could be exposed to the pathogen through direct or indirect contact with domestic or feral dogs, there are no reports of the pathogen being detected in the species, and false positive serologic test results are suspected as cross‐reactions with other gram‐negative bacteria are a major issue (Antunes et al., 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rescue and rehabilitation of maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) in Paraguay: Case description

Vetter Hiebert,

Petters Cabrera,

Benítez del Puerto

et al. 2024

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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The maned wolf, Chrysocyon brachyurus, is the largest South American canid, with a natural distribution that stretches across Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay. The present study reports the case of a rescued specimen of maned wolf that underwent a rehabilitation process in Paraguay, starting in October 2020 with its rescue, and finalising in May 2021 with the reintroduction. Herein, we document findings regarding the general management, biometrics, feeding and environmental enrichment; chemical immobilisation and monitoring; haematology, blood biochemistry and specific serology‐relevant pathogens; skin examination and bone marrow cytology; orthopaedic, ophthalmological and dental evaluation; abdominal and cardiac ultrasonography; radiology and copro‐parasitology. Main findings include the feeding habits of the individual and enrichment opportunities. The animal weighed 7 kg on arrival, with an estimated age of 5 months, and 18 kg on reintroduction, with an estimated age of 1 year. The animal tested negative to serologic tests for Brucella canis, Dirofilaria, canine distemper, Toxoplasmosis and canine parvovirus. Leptospira testing showed antibodies against L. grippotyphosa on both samplings, L. wolffi and L. ictero on the first sampling, and L. pomona on the second sampling. Abdominal organs were examined and measured through ultrasound evaluation and kidneys showed no alterations. Echocardiography showed preserved mitral, tricuspid and aortic valve flows, but turbulent pulmonary valve flow. Copro‐parasitology reported the presence of Lagochilascaris sp. and Balantidium sp. All the information gathered aided in diagnosing the health status of the individual, and the response to environmental enrichment helped assess the behaviour, which led to the suggestion of reintroducing the animal. These data constitute the first published health check of a maned wolf in Paraguay, which can contribute to the species’ conservation in the country. The protocol presented in this study can serve as a basis for developing an action plan for the maned wolf in Paraguay.

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“…In addition, the previous studies of Brucella spp. infection were performed: Both RBPT for screening and serum TAT for confirmation that are utilized in serological surveys in various wild animals [ 20 , 31 ]. The TAT is one of the conventional serological tests based on the agglutination reaction that occurs slowly, referred to as slow agglutination test.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of agglutination tests was employed for the diagnosis of many diseases in Asian elephants [ 17 - 19 ] and other wildlife [ 20 ]. In the present study, the cell suspensions of B. abortus antigen for RBPT and EDTA-TAT, the positive and negative reference controls, were provided by the National Institute of Animal Health, Thailand, and performed following the procedure described by OIE [ 8 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological study on brucellosis in captive elephants (Elephas maximus) and stray dogs in North Thailand

Ngamkala

Angkawanish²,

Nokkaew

et al. 2020

Vet World

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Background and Aim: Brucellosis is considered as an important zoonotic disease caused by various strains of Brucella in numerous host species. Although brucellosis has been reported in almost animal species, the relevance of brucellosis infection and diagnostic technique in Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) has been limited. The present serological investigation aimed to investigate the antibody response to Brucella abortus in captive Asian elephants in North Thailand. Moreover, further serological survey was also conducted to detect the antibody response to Brucella canis in stray dogs cohabiting the same area as the elephant herd. Materials and Methods: Serum samples were collected from 40 captive Asian elephants and submitted for serological analysis based on B. abortus antigen using Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) in combination with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-tube agglutination test (EDTA-TAT) as a supplementary test and by commercial indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). In addition, serum samples were also obtained from 16 stray dogs that live nearby the elephant-raising area and were tested using commercial Dot-ELISA based on B. canis antigen. Results: Serological analysis in captive Asian elephants showed 100% seronegative (40/40) from all serological tests response to B. abortus. For stray dogs, 12.5% (2/16) had a low positive reaction response to B. canis. Conclusion: The serological survey for brucellosis in Asian elephant was adapted and applied using RBPT, EDTA-TAT, and iELISA in the present study. For future evaluation, we recommended the use of a combination of serological tests with validation together with comparing by direct detection such as bacterial isolation to provide an appropriate brucellosis surveillance program in Asian elephants. In addition, the surveillance of stray dogs or multispecies habitation should be kept into considerations.

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Comparison of infection by Brucella spp. in free-ranging and captive wild animals from São Paulo State, Brazil

Cited by 11 publications

References 6 publications

Leptospira reservoirs among wildlife in Brazil: Beyond rodents

Leptospira reservoirs among wildlife in Brazil: Beyond rodents

Rescue and rehabilitation of maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) in Paraguay: Case description

Serological study on brucellosis in captive elephants (Elephas maximus) and stray dogs in North Thailand

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