Histology and histochemistry of the venom apparatus of the black scorpion Androctonus crassicauda (Olivier, 1807) (Scorpiones: Buthidae)

Jarrar, Bashir M.; Al-Rowaily, MA

doi:10.1590/s1678-91992008000300010

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Both collected Egyptian species had PAS-positive, indicating that the venom of this centipede species contained neutral mucosubstances and polysaccharides. According to Taib and Jarrar (1993) and Jarrar and AL-Rowaily (2008), scorpion species' venom has been shown to contain neutral mucosubstances and are believed to contain the most toxic species that produce large amounts of these chemicals. Because neutral mucosubstances are a glucosamine polymer, they may play a function in osmoregulation and transport the venom protein fragment into the victim's tissue (Jarrar and AL-Rowaily 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic description of Egyptian endemic centipedes, genus Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758 with a histological study of its venom glands

Mona

Atlam

2022

Zoomorphology

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Centipedes are widely distributed over all continents. They have significant medicinal value and high toxicity, making them an intriguing subject for evolutionary research. The current study aims to provide the first comprehensive analysis of the morphology, description, and distribution preferences of the Egyptian Scolopendromorpha centipede fauna. According to surveillance research in Egypt, two Scolopendra species have been re-described. Scolopendra canidensNewport.1844 were discovered in only one location, whereas Scolopendra morsitans s Linnaeus,1758 was more abundant. Both venomous glands were histochemically investigated. This study is the first comparative report on the histology and histochemistry of the venom glands of the Egyptian centipede species. Both species’ glands are primarily composed of columnar secretory cells radially arranged side by side and open through pores in a central chitinous duct. Each secretory cell is enclosed in striated muscle fibers. The secretion of both glands takes the shape of small PAS-positive granules, suggesting the presence of neutral polysaccharides. According to this surveillance study, the most abundant species was Scolopendra morsitans s Linnaeus,1758. Scolopendra canidens canidensNewport.1844 were found only on the Northwest coast of Egypt. The findings also revealed that the analyzed species are comparable in terms of their venom morphology and fundamental chemical composition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic description of Egyptian endemic centipedes, genus Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758 with a histological study of its venom glands

Mona

Atlam

2022

Zoomorphology

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“…The nature of neutral mucosubstances as a polymer of glucoseamine might indicate a possible role in osmoregulation and the transfer of the protein fragment of the venom in the tissue of the victim. Neutral mucosubstances have been found in the venom of the most dangerous scorpions (Taib & Jarrar, 1993;Jarrar & Al-Rowaily, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology, Histology and Histochemistry of the Venom Apparatus of the Centipede, Scolopendra valida (Chilopoda, Scolopendridae)

Jarrar

2010

Int. J. Morphol.

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Morfología, Histología e Histoquímica del Aparato Venenoso del Ciempiés, Scolopendra valida (Chilopoda, Scolopendridae) Bashir M. Jarrar JARRAR, B. M. Morphology, histology and histochemistry of the venom apparatus of the centipede, Scolopendra valida ( Chilopoda, Scolopendridae). Int. J. Morphol., 28(1):19-25, 2010. SUMMARY:Morphological, histological and histochemical characterizations of the venom apparatus of the centapede, S. valida have been investigated. The venom apparatus of Scolopendra valida consists of a pair of maxillipedes and venom glands situated anteriorly in the prosoma on either side of the first segment of the body. Each venom gland is continuous with a hollow tubular claw possessing a sharp tip and subterminal pore located on the outer curvature. The glandular epithelium is folded and consists of a mass of secretory epithelium, covered by a sheath of striated muscles. The secretory epithelium consists of high columnar venom-producing cells having dense cytoplasmic venom granules. The glandular canal lacks musculature and is lined with chitinous internal layer and simple cuboidal epithelium. The histochemical results indicate that the venom-producing cells of both glands elaborate glycosaminoglycan, acid mucosubstances, certain amino acids and proteins, but are devoid of glycogen. The structure and secretions of centipede venom glands are discussed within the context of the present results.

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“…The basal part of these cells contains all the organelles, while the apical part is in touch with the lumen of the venom gland and contains several types of toxin-containing granules. In scorpions, toxin secretion is an apocrine mechanism [ 119 , 121 , 122 , 124 , 125 ], meaning that a portion of the cytoplasm is also secreted into the lumen of the venom gland. Secretory cells seem to be highly specialized in producing one single type of toxin [ 122 ].…”

Section: Scorpion Weaponsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ovoid openings, similar to those of hypodermic needles, are found on the dorsal side of the aculeus [ 53 , 114 , 126 - 129 ]. Some authors reported that in Androctonus crassicauda (Buthidae) [ 125 ], Centruroides sculpturatus (Buthidae) [ 119 ] and Leiurus quinquestriatus (Buthidae), the ducts fuse in the terminal part of the aculeus and end in an unique pore.…”

Section: Scorpion Weaponsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Armed stem to stinger: a review of the ecological roles of scorpion weapons

Simone¹,

Meijden²

2021

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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Scorpions possess two systems of weapons: the pincers (chelae) and the stinger (telson). These are placed on anatomically and developmentally well separated parts of the body, that is, the oral appendages and at the end of the body axis. The otherwise conserved body plan of scorpions varies most in the shape and relative dimensions of these two weapon systems, both across species and in some cases between the sexes. We review the literature on the ecological function of these two weapon systems in each of three contexts of usage: (i) predation, (ii) defense and (iii) sexual contests. In the latter context, we will also discuss their usage in mating. We first provide a comparative background for each of these contexts of usage by giving examples of other weapon systems from across the animal kingdom. Then, we discuss the pertinent aspects of the anatomy of the weapon systems, particularly those aspects relevant to their functioning in their ecological roles. The literature on the functioning and ecological role of both the chelae and the telson is discussed in detail, again organized by context of usage. Particular emphasis is given on the differences in morphology or usage between species or higher taxonomic groups, or between genders, as such cases are most insightful to understand the roles of each of the two distinct weapon systems of the scorpions and their evolutionary interactions. We aimed to synthesize the literature while minimizing conjecture, but also to point out gaps in the literature and potential future research opportunities.

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Histology and histochemistry of the venom apparatus of the black scorpion Androctonus crassicauda (Olivier, 1807) (Scorpiones: Buthidae)

Cited by 11 publications

References 15 publications

Phenotypic description of Egyptian endemic centipedes, genus Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758 with a histological study of its venom glands

Phenotypic description of Egyptian endemic centipedes, genus Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758 with a histological study of its venom glands

Morphology, Histology and Histochemistry of the Venom Apparatus of the Centipede, Scolopendra valida (Chilopoda, Scolopendridae)

Armed stem to stinger: a review of the ecological roles of scorpion weapons

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