Saliva and tongue coating pH before and after use of mouthwashes and relationship with parameters of halitosis

Tolentino, Elen de Souza; Chinellato, Luiz Eduardo Montenegro; Tárzia, Olinda

doi:10.1590/s1678-77572011000200002

Cited by 34 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…Salivary pH is a major factor in halitosis caused by poor oral hygiene, periodontal diseases, coated tongue, residual foods or other complex causes . Our results support the findings of a previous study that showed that providing adequate oral hygiene care can stimulate salivary production and increase salivary pH, and, therefore, can control halitosis . Although halitosis was not directly measured in this study, we confirmed that combination oral care could control halitosis by increasing salivary pH.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Salivary pH was also measured as an additional outcome using Universal Indicator Paper (pH 1–14; Johnson Test Paper Ltd., UK). Salivary pH is the main factor underlying halitosis caused by anaerobic bacteria, and indirectly indicates the severity of halitosis: the lower the salivary pH, the greater the halitosis . The indicator paper was held on the sublingual area for 1–2 s. Universal Indicator Paper provides a quick and easy method of indicating the pH of a solution by a single colour change, which can be matched to a colour chart at intervals of 1 pH.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of combination oral care on oral health, dry mouth and salivary pH of intubated patients: A randomized controlled trial

Jang

Shin

2016

Int J of Nursing Practice

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Intubated patients are at risk of oral health problems. Although a variety of oral care regimens for intubated patients have been studied, there is a lack of research on the effects of combination oral care that includes tooth brushing, chlorhexidine and cold water. This open-labelled, randomized, controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effects of combination oral care on oral health status. Participants aged 20 years and older were recruited on the first day after intubation through convenience sampling in a medical intensive care unit. Random assignment was performed using an internet randomization service. The primary outcome was oral health status. Data were collected during May and June 2013. Participants were randomized to one of two groups (23 intervention and 21 control). The final analysis included 18 patients with combination oral care and 17 in the control group. The intervention group had better oral health (effect size = 1.56), less dry mouth and higher salivary pH than the control group. Any additional burden of providing combination oral care to patients who are mechanically ventilated is worthwhile in terms of clinical outcomes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of combination oral care on oral health, dry mouth and salivary pH of intubated patients: A randomized controlled trial

Jang

Shin

2016

Int J of Nursing Practice

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“…[7] shows that the surface structure of the oral epithelium is important for the defensive function of the oral mucosa. The relatively large tongue surface serves as a niche for oral bacteria and may be responsible for some types of halitosis [8]. Distribution of the oral bacteria on the surface of the mucosa varies with location and may be dependent on the surface structure of the mucosa [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The oral mucosal surface and blood vessels

et al. 2013

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IntroductionDetailed information about the size of the oral mucosa is scarce in the literature, and those studies that do exist do not take into account the size of the tongue or the enlargement of the surface by the papillae. Because of the various functions of the oral mucosa in the maintenance of oral health, knowledge of its true size may provide a better understanding of the physiology of the oral cavity and some oral diseases and direct future therapeutic strategies. The aim of this study was to determine the total size of the oral mucosa.MethodsFive human adult cadaver heads were cut in the median sagittal plane, and the total area of the oral surface was determined using silicon casts. The surface of the tongue was measured with quantitative profilometry. Photographs of oral blood vessels were taken in different areas of the oral mucosa of adult test subjects using intravital microscopy, and the pictures were compared with vessel casts of the oral mucosal capillaries of a maccaca fasciculrais monkey, which was studied using a scanning electron microscope.ResultsThe results showed that the dorsal side of the tongue comprises a large proportion of the total oral mucosal surface. The surface area of the epithelium increases moving from anterior to posterior on the tongue, and the number of underlying blood vessels increases proportionally.ConclusionsIt can be concluded that the back of the tongue plays an important role in the oral resorption of drugs. Clinical relevance: The results may be of relevance for the delivery and development of oral drug application.

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“…Diferentes estudios postulan que el uso del chicle puede afectar positivamente la condició n de la lengua saburral, debido a la funció n mecá nica y química que esta ejerce al masticar 11 . En el presente trabajo, al igual que en otros 12 , no se encontraron diferencias significativas en cuanto al pH del dorso lingual.…”

Section: Discusió Nunclassified