Enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonadaceae on the dorsum of the human tongue

Conti, S.; Santos, Silvana Soléo Ferreira dos; Koga-Ito, Cristiane Yumi; Jorge, Antônio Olavo Cardoso

doi:10.1590/s1678-77572009000500005

Cited by 28 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Traditionally, Klebsiella spp., Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., and staphylococci are not considered to form part of the regular oral commensal flora during health (33), although several studies using cultivation methods have revealed their presence in the oropharynx of a minority of subjects (34,35). Our study agrees with the latter studies in finding these opportunistic pathogens in a small number of samples in the control group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Transplantation-Associated Long-Term Immunosuppression Promotes Oral Colonization by Potentially Opportunistic Pathogens without Impacting Other Members of the Salivary Bacteriome

Diaz

Hong

Frias-Lopez³

et al. 2013

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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e Solid-organ transplant recipients rely on pharmacological immunosuppression to prevent allograft rejection. The effect of such chronic immunosuppression on the microflora at mucosal surfaces is not known. We evaluated the salivary bacterial microbiome of 20 transplant recipients and 19 nonimmunosuppressed controls via 454 pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. Alpha-diversity and global community structure did not differ between transplant and control subjects. However, principal coordinate analysis showed differences in community membership. Taxa more prevalent in transplant subjects included operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of potentially opportunistic Gammaproteobacteria such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Acinetobacter species, Vibrio species, Enterobacteriaceae species, and the genera Acinetobacter and Klebsiella. Transplant subjects also had increased proportions of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter species, Enterobacteriaceae species, and Enterococcus faecalis, among other OTUs, while genera with increased proportions included Klebsiella, Acinetobacter, Staphylococcus, and Enterococcus. Furthermore, in transplant subjects, the dose of the immunosuppressant prednisone positively correlated with bacterial richness, while prednisone and mycophenolate mofetil doses positively correlated with the prevalence and proportions of transplant-associated taxa. Correlation network analysis of OTU relative abundance revealed a cluster containing potentially opportunistic pathogens as transplant associated. This cluster positively correlated with serum levels of C-reactive protein, suggesting a link between the resident flora at mucosal compartments and systemic inflammation. Network connectivity analysis revealed opportunistic pathogens as highly connected to each other and to common oral commensals, pointing to bacterial interactions that may influence colonization. This work demonstrates that immunosuppression aimed at limiting Tcell-mediated responses creates a more permissive oral environment for potentially opportunistic pathogens without affecting other members of the salivary bacteriome.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Transplantation-Associated Long-Term Immunosuppression Promotes Oral Colonization by Potentially Opportunistic Pathogens without Impacting Other Members of the Salivary Bacteriome

Diaz

Hong

Frias-Lopez³

et al. 2013

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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“…This result only reinforces the existing literature that demonstrates the persistence and the greater resistance of microorganisms when in biofilm (22).…”

Section: Enterobacter Clocae 41360supporting

confidence: 81%

“…Regarding the identified enterobacteriaceae gender, higher prevalence of Enterobacter in the oral cavity of newborns reflects a tendency in the studied region (22).…”

Section: Enterobacter Clocae 41360mentioning

confidence: 88%

Prevalence and Sensitivity of Bacilli and Pseudomonas in the Newborn’s Oral Cavity

et al. 2017

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The aim of this study was to isolate Enterobacteria and Pseudomonas from the oral cavity of hospitalized newborns (NB) and determine their prevalence and the sensitivity profile to most commonly used antibiotics for this age group. Samples from the oral cavity of NB from 24 to 48 h age were collected using swabs. The samples were inoculated on MacConkey agar, incubated and the colonies counted and identified. For each strain, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using agar dilution test. Tests for enterobacteria producing extended spectrumβ-lactamases (ESBL) were performed using agar diffusion. Descriptive statistics was used for data analysis. Two of the isolated strains were submitted to the susceptibility test in biofilm. Of the collected samples, 8% presented Enterobacteria (mean of 6,141 CFU/mL) and no Pseudomona species was isolated. Positive samples were from NB in accommodation set or in the NB nursery. Enterobacter was the most prevalent genus and some strains were resistant to ampicillin, gentamicin and cephalothin. No ESBL strain was detected. Microorganisms in biofilms were resistant to all antibiotics, with concentrations four times higher than MIC. The presence of enterobacteria in the oral cavity of newborns, especially some strains resistant to normally used antibiotics, warns to the need for care to avoid the early colonization of this niche and the occurrence of a possible hospital infection in this age group.P r e v a l e n c e a n d S e n s i t i v i t y o f B a c i l l i a n d P s e u d o m o n a s i n t h e N e w b o r n ' s O r a l C a v i t y

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“…This organism has been implicated in endocarditis (24), and its presence in all atherosclerotic plaques studied here raises the possibility that it may directly affect the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Although we did not detect it from buccal swabs, it has been described as an inhabitant of the tongue (25). In addition to the diversity described here, another important constituent of atherosclerotic plaque is Chlamydia (26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Human oral, gut, and plaque microbiota in patients with atherosclerosis

Koren

Spor

Felin

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

930

697

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Periodontal disease has been associated with atherosclerosis, suggesting that bacteria from the oral cavity may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, the gut microbiota may affect obesity, which is associated with atherosclerosis. Using qPCR, we show that bacterial DNA was present in the atherosclerotic plaque and that the amount of DNA correlated with the amount of leukocytes in the atherosclerotic plaque. To investigate the microbial composition of atherosclerotic plaques and test the hypothesis that the oral or gut microbiota may contribute to atherosclerosis in humans, we used 454 pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes to survey the bacterial diversity of atherosclerotic plaque, oral, and gut samples of 15 patients with atherosclerosis, and oral and gut samples of healthy controls. We identified Chryseomonas in all atherosclerotic plaque samples, and Veillonella and Streptococcus in the majority. Interestingly, the combined abundances of Veillonella and Streptococcus in atherosclerotic plaques correlated with their abundance in the oral cavity. Moreover, several additional bacterial phylotypes were common to the atherosclerotic plaque and oral or gut samples within the same individual. Interestingly, several bacterial taxa in the oral cavity and the gut correlated with plasma cholesterol levels. Taken together, our findings suggest that bacteria from the oral cavity, and perhaps even the gut, may correlate with disease markers of atherosclerosis.

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Enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonadaceae on the dorsum of the human tongue

Cited by 28 publications

References 26 publications

Transplantation-Associated Long-Term Immunosuppression Promotes Oral Colonization by Potentially Opportunistic Pathogens without Impacting Other Members of the Salivary Bacteriome

Transplantation-Associated Long-Term Immunosuppression Promotes Oral Colonization by Potentially Opportunistic Pathogens without Impacting Other Members of the Salivary Bacteriome

Prevalence and Sensitivity of Bacilli and Pseudomonas in the Newborn’s Oral Cavity

Human oral, gut, and plaque microbiota in patients with atherosclerosis

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