Comparison of periodontal parameters in individuals with syndromic craniosynostosis

Abstract

Craniosynostosis syndromes are characterized by premature closure of one or more cranial sutures, associated with other malformations, the most frequent of which are the Crouzon and Apert syndromes. Few studies in the literature have addressed the oral health of these individuals. The purpose of this study was to compare the periodontal status of individuals with Apert, Crouzon, Pfeiffer and Saethre-Chotzen syndromes before toothbrushing and compare the efficiency of plaque removal before and after mechanical toothbrushing. The probing depth, plaque index (according to Löe and O'Leary), clinical attachment level, gingival index (according to Silness and Löe) and amount of keratinized mucosa were evaluated before toothbrushing, and the O'Leary plaque index was assessed before and immediately after toothbrushing, on the same day, in 27 individuals aged 11 to 36 years. There was statistically significant difference in the mean probing depth and clinical attachment level among regions (p=0.00; p=0.01, respectively). The gingival index did not reveal statistically significant differences. With regard to the plaque index, the left region exhibited higher plaque index values than the right and anterior regions. No significant results were found in the analysis of keratinized mucosa. Comparison of the O'Leary plaque index before and after toothbrushing revealed statistically significant difference for all syndromes except for the Pfeiffer syndrome (p<0.05). In conclusion, there was no difference in the periodontal status among individuals with syndromic craniosynostosis. The posterior region was more affected than the anterior region as to the presence of plaque, loss of insertion and probing depth. Individuals with Pfeiffer syndrome exhibited greater toothbrushing efficiency than individuals with the other craniosynostosis syndromes.

Evaluation of partial‐mouth recording systems of gingival parameters in a Portuguese adult population

“…Múfalo et al . (32) found that the left quadrants showed significantly higher levels of plaque than the right quadrants due to a predominance of right‐handed subjects (in the present series, 92 percent of the subjects were right‐handed) and the effect this has on the performance of techniques of oral hygiene. In consequence, in terms of plaque, calculus and, probably, gingival inflammation, Q1 would be the least affected and Q3 the most affected; this combination would therefore be the optimal selection for evaluation of these clinical parameters.…”

Cranio-oro-facial features and masticatory function in patients with craniosynostosis

“…Regarding periodontal aspect, the OHI-S scores of CS patients were significantly higher than those in healthy children and also higher than scores reported in the Thai national oral health survey (2017). These can be postulated that the CS patients are prone to have poor oral hygiene which consistent with previous studies (10,78). Obstacles in oral cleaning mentioned by patients and care givers include abnormal facial anatomy, small mouth, tooth crowding, and risk of aspiration.…”

Crouzon syndrome: A comprehensive review

“…Supervision by a pediatric dentist in early childhood is critical in order to ensure satisfactory oral hygiene of patients with syndromic craniosynostosis. Because of the anatomical discrepancies, these patients present decreased upper arch dimensions which lead to crowding, delayed and ectopic eruptions with implied propensity for periodontal disease 60 .…”