The oral cavity is the natural habitat of a heterogeneous population of bacteria. 1 Both soft and hard surfaces are the substrate where microorganisms adhere and grow, forming the oral biofilm. 1,2 Biofilm quantity and complexity increase with time and affect the environment, leading to the development of caries, gingivitis 2,3 and periodontitis, 4 according to individual susceptibility and risk factors. Vice versa, the environment and local factors can influence the growth of biofilm, leading to its diversification in distinct areas even of the same tooth. 2 The regular disruption of biofilm through professional mechanical plaque removal and home oral hygiene is a critical point in the prevention of caries and periodontal disease. 5-8 Professional mechanical plaque removal in cariology involves biofilm and calculus removal from the supra-gingival area while, in periodontology, it extends to the sub-marginal space. 8 While manual and ultrasonic instrumentation constitutes the traditional professional mechanical plaque removal procedure, air-polishing with low-abrasiveness