Plant-mycorrhizal fungi interaction and response to inoculation with different growth-promoting fungi

Abstract

The symbiotic interaction between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and 70-90% of the plant species is largely studied, but ectomycorrhizal fungi, Piriformospora indica, Trichoderma sp., and dark septate endophytes (DSE), also establish beneficial interactions with plants. Despite this, the joint discussion on the biochemical, physiological, and molecular aspects of nutrient transfer, mainly from the extraradical mycelium (ERM) to the plant, is still limited. The objective of this review is to present biochemical, physiological, and molecular approaches to the plant-AMF interaction, as well as to analyze the response of plants to inoculations with different growth-promoting fungi. Here, are highlighted the characteristics of the H+-ATPases and of the transporters of NH4+ and H2PO4- involved in the absorption of phosphorus and nitrogen by the soil through the ERM of the AMF, besides the biochemical aspects of the metabolism of both nutrients in the ERM and their translocations from the ERM to the intraradical mycelium and to the host plant. Finally, the nitrogen fertilizer recovery efficiency in plants inoculated with AMF, Trichoderma sp., P.indica, and DSE fungi is presented. By examining, together, the biochemical, physiological, and molecular aspects of the plant-AMF interaction and the nitrogen fertilizer recovery efficiency in inoculated plants, it is possible to conclude that a low-input agriculture could be achieved with the use of these fungi in agrosystems.

Inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as a strategy to improve annatto (Bixa orellana L.) growth

“…Several agricultural crops and various Brazilian forest and fruit crops respond positively to inoculation with AMF. However, despite its biotechnological and ecological potential, mycorrhizal symbiosis still has several gaps to be explored in response to different growth-promoting fungi (Vergara et al, 2019).…”

Interaction between Humic Substances and Plant Hormones for Phosphorous Acquisition

“…The most studied plant symbiotic interactions are with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF). These interactions are mediated by a bi-directional transfer of nutrients [152] and differentially influence the dynamics of organic matter in ecosystems [153].…”

“…In non-inoculated plants, P is directly absorbed by nutrient transporters located in the root epidermis and cortex. When plants are inoculated with AMF, P is absorbed by hyphae/mycelia via nutrient transporters and subsequently translocated to fungal structures located inside the cortical cells of the roots [152,156]. These intracellular structures are called arbuscules and formed by hyphae differentiation.…”

“…These intracellular structures are called arbuscules and formed by hyphae differentiation. Arbuscules, in turn, exhibit a highly branched structure modulated by root exudation of strigolactones, a class of plant hormones [152].…”

The Effect of Corn and White Clover Intercropping on Biodegradation of Diesel Oil in Arsenic Contaminated Soil in the Presence of Piriformospora indica

“…However, decreasing plant biomass due to heavy metal toxicity can diminish the phytoremediation efficiency [17,18]. Accordingly, using intercropping system or plant inoculation with Piriformospora indica (P.indica) may affect the phytoremediation efficiency [19][20][21]. Though, they did not consider the simultaneous effect of heavy metal with petroleum hydrocarbons on plant phytoremediation efficiency.…”