Prophylaxis and therapeutic effects of raspberry (Rubus idaeus) on renal stone formation in Balb/c mice

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the prophylactic potential of herbal decoction from Rubus idaeus, a medicinal plant widely used in the Middle East to treat kidney stones, by assessing the effect of administration in experimentally induced calcium oxalate (CaOx) nephrolithiasis in mice. Materials and Methods: This study was based on administration of glyoxylate and/or herbal treatments simultaneously for 12 days, followed by histological and biochemical tests. Group I was used as a negative control. Group II was only given daily intra-abdominal injection of glyoxylate (80 mg/Kg). Group III and IV were given 100 mg/kg/day and 200 mg/kg/day of aqueous extract of R. idaeus by gavage, respectively in addition to glyoxylate injection. To examine the effect of anti-oxidants on hyperoxaluria-induced changes in kidney, the enzymatic and non-enzymatic anti-oxidant levels were assessed. Results: Significant reductions were obtained in the urinary oxalate, calcium and phosphorus values in the herbal-treated groups relative to untreated animals while creatinine excretion increased. Serum oxalate, calcium and creatinine were significantly reduced, while phosphorus was not significantly changed. Kidney content of calcium was higher in the untreated group. Mice in treated groups at 12 days had significantly more superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase (GSH) and G6PD activities than the untreated group. Hyperoxaluria-induced generation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyls was significantly prevented in the treated groups. R. idaeus had a significantly high content of vitamin E in the herbal treated groups. The histology showed more CaOx deposition in the kidneys of untreated animals. Conclusion: Rubus idaeus has an impressive prophylactic effect on CaOx stones in nephrolithic mice. There is a possible role of lipid peroxidation in CaOx stone formation which may has a relationship with the major risk factors in urine including oxalate, calcium, phosphorus and MDA. Further experimental studies are required to elucidate the chemical constituents of the active ingredients of this interesting plant.

The Effect of Calcusol™ to the Plasma Free Radical and Serum Creatinin in Mus Musculus Nephrolithiasis Model

“…When creatinine is excreted in the urine should actually be distributed in the blood resulting in decreasing urine creatinine levels. Nevertheless, the treatment with herbs can be seen as an effort to prevent the formation ofcalcium oxalate accumulation in kidneys which can restore creatinine level to it's the original state [2].…”

“…Malondyaldehyde (MDA) content was determined using thiobarbituric acid reactive (TBARS) method [2]. Mice blood was centrifuged at 7250 rpm.…”

“…The number of kidney stone disease cases has increased in the last five decades in this world. Most of kidney stone is caused by calcium oxalate accumulation [2]. Kidney stone formation consists of several stages including supersaturation, nucleation, growth, aggregation, and retention within renal tubules [3].…”

“…However, treatment using herbal agent that contains antioxidants can reduce blood creatinine level and increase urinary creatinine levels in mice with accumulate calcium oxalate level [2]. This suggests that creatinine may be associated with renal physiology function [10].…”

Potentilla and Rubus medicinal plants

“…Ellagitannins contribute significantly to the antioxidant capacity of cloudberries (R. chamaemorus) and red raspberries (R. idaeus) in lipoprotein and lipid emulsion environments, the latter being more relevant for food applications (Kähk€ onen et al, 2012). R. idaeus has a remarkable prophylactic effect on CaOx stones in nephrolithic mice (Ghalayini et al, 2011). The triterpenoid glycoside nigaichigoside F₁ and its aglycone 23hydroxytormentic acid (23-HTA) isolated from the unripe fruits of R. coreanus ameliorate cisplatin-induced toxicity in renal epithelial LLC-PK₁ cells (Sohn et al, 2011).…”