Evaluation of relaxant responses properties of cinnamon essential oil and its major component, cinnamaldehyde on human and rat corpus cavernosum

Abstract

Cinnamomum cassia (Cinnamon) is a well-known traditional medicine with therapeutic benefits for centuries. We evaluated the effects of cinnamon essential oil (CEO) and its main component cinnamaldehyde (CA) on human corpus cavernosum (HCC) and rat CC. The essential oil of cinnamon was analyzed for the confirmation of the oil profile. HCC specimens from patients undergoing penile prosthesis surgery (age 48-69 years) were utilized for functional studies. In addition, erectile responses in anesthetized control and diabetic rats were evaluated in vivo after intracavernosal injection of CEO and CA, and rat CC strips were placed in organ baths. After precontraction with phenylephrine (10µM), relaxant responses to CEO and CA were investigated. CA (96.9%) was found as the major component. The maximum relaxation responses to CEO and CA were 96.4±3.5% and 96.0±5.0% in HCC and 97.5±5.5% and 96.8±4.8% in rat CC, respectively. There was no difference between control and diabetic rats in relaxation responses to CEO and CA. The relaxant responses obtained with essential oil and CA were not attenuated in the presence of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, and soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor (sGS) in CC. In vivo, erectile responses in diabetic rats were lower than in control rats, which was restored after intracavernosal injection of CEO and CA. CEO and CA improved erectile function and relaxation of isolated strips of rat CC and HCC by a NO/cGMP-independent mechanism. Further investigations are warranted to fully elucidate the restorative effects of CEO and CA on diabetic erectile dysfunction.

The beneficial effect of clove essential oil and its major component, eugenol, on erectile function in diabetic rats

“…After the identification of the cavernous nerve (CN) and the major right pelvic ganglion, the CN was stimulated (2.5, 5 and 7.5 V, 15 Hz, 30‐s pulse width) with a stainless steel bipolar hook electrode and a square pulse stimulator (Grass Instruments). The measurements were again obtained after CEO (1 µM) and E (1 µM) intracavernosal administration in the diabetic group (Onder, Yilmaz‐Oral, Jarkovic, Akdemir, & Gur, 2019).…”

“…All alterations in tension were recorded using an isometric force transducer connected to a PC‐based Data acquisition system (Biopac System). CEO‐ and E (26–104 mg)‐induced relaxant responses were obtained after phenylephrine (Phe, 10 µM) and KCl (60 mM)‐induced pre‐contraction(Halder et al, 2011; Hannigan et al, 2017; Onder et al, 2019; Salahdeen, Idowu, Yemitan, Murtala, & Alada, 2015). After Phe‐induced pre‐contraction (10 µM), CEO‐ and E‐induced relaxation responses were obtained before and after the incubation with nitric oxide synthase (NOS) blocker, L‐ N (G)‐nitroarginine methyl ester (L‐NAME, 100 µM); soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) blocker, 1H‐[1,2,4]‐oxadiazolo[4,3‐a] quinoxalin‐1‐one (ODQ, 30 µM); L‐type Ca 2+ channel inhibitor, nifedipine (10 µM); nonselective K + channel inhibitor, tetraethylammonium (TEA, 100 µM); and K ATP channel inhibitor, glibenclamide (10 µM).…”

Cinnamaldehyde mitigates placental vascular dysfunction of gestational diabetes and protects from the associated fetal hypoxia by modulating placental angiogenesis, metabolic activity and oxidative stress

“…With regard to diabetes-related macrovascular and microvascular complications, Ci reduced vascular resistance and stenosis, and protected from hypertension in diabetic rats and mice [28][29][30]. In vivo and in vitro, Ci induced relaxation of rat aorta [31], mice mesenteric arteries [32], porcine coronary arteries [33], and human and rat corpus cavernosum [34]. However, there are no previous reports concerning the vasoprotective effect of Ci on the placenta.…”