Structure, organization, and functions of cellulose synthase complexes in higher plants

Festucci-Buselli, Reginaldo Alves; Otoni, Wagner Campos; Joshi, Chandrashekhar P.

doi:10.1590/s1677-04202007000100001

Cited by 114 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Whether the DEK1 LG3 domain binds carbohydrates in a Ca 2+ -dependent process has yet to be determined. However, it is notable that the DEK1 Cys protease has been identified as a potential candidate involved in the initial proteolysis and turnover of CELLULOSE SYNTHASE A (CesA) in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) rosettes (Jacob-Wilk et al, 2006) responsible for cellulose biosynthesis in primary and secondary cell walls (Festucci-Buselli et al, 2007). Both calcium signaling and CesA have been implicated in moss bud development (Saunders and Hepler, 1982;Goss et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The DEK1 calpain Linker functions in three-dimensional body patterning in Physcomitrella patens

Johansen¹,

Ako²,

Demko

et al. 2016

Plant Physiol.

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The DEFECTIVE KERNEL1 (DEK1) calpain is a conserved 240-kD key regulator of three-dimensional body patterning in land plants acting via mitotic cell plane positioning. The activity of the cytosolic C-terminal calpain protease is regulated by the membrane-anchored DEK1 MEM, which is connected to the calpain via the 600-amino acid residue Linker. Similar to the calpain and MEM domains, the Linker is highly conserved in the land plant lineage, the similarity dropping sharply compared with orthologous charophyte sequences. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we studied the effect on Physcomitrella patens development by deleting the Linker and two conserved Linker motifs. The results show that removal of the Linker has nearly the same effect as removal of the entire DEK1 gene. In contrast, deletion of the conserved Laminin_G3 (LG3) domain had a milder effect, perturbing leafy gametophore patterning and archegonia development. The LG3 domain from Marchantia polymorpha is fully functional in P. patens, whereas angiosperm sequences are not functional. Deletion of a C-terminal Linker subsegment containing a potential calpain autolytic site severely disturbs gametophore development. Finally, changing one of the three calpain activesite amino acid residues results in the same phenotype as deleting the entire DEK1 gene. Based on the conserved nature of animal and DEK1 calpains, we propose that the DEK1 MEM-Linker complex inactivates the calpain by forcing apart the two calpain subunits carrying the three amino acids of the active site.The three-dimensional (3D) architecture of land plant bodies is determined by the orientation of cell walls deposited between dividing nuclei in developing organs. The ability to determine cell wall orientation in various planes was a novel feature that evolved in the transition from filamentous charophyte algae to the first land plants ( Pires and Dolan, 2012). In contrast to land plants, tip expansion and fixed division planes of the cells drove a two-dimensional (2D) growth pattern of charophyte members represented by filamentous or discoid forms. The membrane-anchored DEFECTIVE KERNEL1 (DEK1) calpain is a candidate protein involved in position-dependent cell wall deposition in the plant lineage (Perroud et al., 2014). Evidence for a conserved function in land plants comes from the observation that DEK1 is essential for cell wall orientation in land plants ranging from angiosperms to mosses, an evolutionary time span of 450 million years (Olsen et al., 2015). Support for a central function of DEK1 also comes from a recent review in which analyses of meristematic shoot tip transcriptomes of widely divergent extant vascular plant lineage members suggest that different genes were recruited to regulate similar meristematic processes during evolution. Exceptions identified include PIN-FORMED, DEK1, and LONELY GUY1 (Frank et al., 2015) proteins that represent potential genetic homologs in meristem function (Harrison, 2015).The DEK1 calpain derives its name from the maize (Zea mays) mutant dek1, whic...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The DEK1 calpain Linker functions in three-dimensional body patterning in Physcomitrella patens

Johansen¹,

Ako²,

Demko

et al. 2016

Plant Physiol.

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“…At molecular level, in SSR of expressed sequences, the RB72454 variety showed higher changes in subsequent stages of cutting than RB867515. The xyloglucan endotransglucosylase as well as the cellulose synthase are enzymes directly involved in the construction, growth, and cell wall extensibility (Takeda et al, 2002;Doblin et al, 2002;Festucci-Buselli et al, 2007;Miedes et al, 2011;Hara et al, 2014) since the long polysaccharide xyloglucan can form hydrogen bonds with cellulose microfibrils. The xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/ hydrolase genes are also involved with defense and pathogen-resistance mechanisms (Sharmin et al, 2012;Olsen et al, 2016).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes on microsatellites of expressed sequence tag of sugarcane (Saccharum spp) during vegetative propagation

Augusto¹,

Maranho²,

Mangolin³

et al. 2017

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. The reduction in sugarcane productivity in subsequent cutting stages may be related to a gradual decrease of the allele number and mean observed heterozygosity (H O ) in the sugarcane ratoon. This hypothesis was tested assessing the number of alleles and H O values in 10 expressed sequence tag microsatellites (Est-SSR loci) of the sugarcane varieties RB72454 and RB867515 in different cutting stages. Changes of allele numbers in samples of different cutting stages were observed in seven and six EstSSR loci of the RB72454 and RB867515 varieties, respectively. Reduction of allele numbers was observed in the samples collected in the fourth and sixth cutting stages of the RB72454 variety. In contrast, an increase of the allele numbers was detected in the samples collected on fourth, sixth, and seventh cutting stages of the RB867515 variety. Unchanged allele numbers were observed only in EstB41, EstC84, and EstB130 loci of the RB72454 variety, and EstB41, EstC67, EstA68, and EstB130 loci of the RB867515 variety. The variety RB867515 has lower polymorphism and values of H O than the RB72454 variety in different stages of cutting. At molecular level, in Est-SSR loci, the RB72454 variety showed higher changes in subsequent stages of cutting than RB867515. The similarities and divergences at molecular level between varieties RB72454 and RB867515 observed in the 10 Est-SSR loci during subsequent cutting stages can not explain the reduced productivity frequently observed after subsequent cutting stages but showed that phenotypic and physiological changes after each cutting stage are also accompanied by changes at genomic level.

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“…The cellulose triacetate is then hydrolyzed in a mixed solvent system of water, acetic acid, and/or toluene to obtain a specific degree of substitution [11]. Cellulose is the most abundant polysaccharide obtained from the cell wall of green plants [12]. The abundance of cellulose defines the ease of accessibility and low cost of its products [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cellulose is the most abundant polysaccharide obtained from the cell wall of green plants [12]. The abundance of cellulose defines the ease of accessibility and low cost of its products [12]. CA is also known to have high thermal and mechanical properties and numerous chelating groups [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermally and mechanically stable β-cyclodextrin/cellulose acetate nanofibers synthesized using an environmentally benign procedure

Nthunya

Masheane

Malinga

et al. 2017

International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials

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Electrospun cyclodextrin (CD)-based nanofibers with capabilities to remove pollutants from water have been synthesized and characterized. The high-quality nanofibers presented here were synthesized in two simple steps that involved in-situ electrospinning of the nanofibers and all nanocomponents, followed by the reduction of silver (Ag + ) and iron (Fe 3+ ) ions to nanoparticles using an environmentally benign process that involved irradiation of the electrospun fibers using a tailor-made UV-equipped furnace at low temperatures. In the previously reported study it was observed that Ag and Fe nanoparticles effectively removed a range of different strains of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria from water. As such, this study focused on improving the thermal and mechanical properties of the nanofibers prepared from polymer blends of β-CDs with cellulose acetate (CA) and small additions (2 wt%) of functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (fMWCNTs). The electrospinning parameters were varied to determine the optimum conditions for preparation of uniform nonbeaded nanofibers. Bead-free and uniform nanofibers were obtained at a polymer concentration of 32% at the ratio of 1:1 β-CDs:CA, syringe injection flow rate of 0.7 mL h −1 , 15 cm between the tip of the spinneret and the collector, and a voltage of 16 kV. The addition of f-MWCNTs was found to improve the tensile strength of the nanofibers by twofold, relative to nanofibers with no f-MWCNTs. The thermal degradation of the nanofibers was improved by a magnitude of 50°C. The study has shown that adding small amounts of f-MWCNTs improved the thermal stability and mechanical strength of the CD/CA nanofibers significantly. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Structure, organization, and functions of cellulose synthase complexes in higher plants

Cited by 114 publications

References 79 publications

The DEK1 calpain Linker functions in three-dimensional body patterning in Physcomitrella patens

The DEK1 calpain Linker functions in three-dimensional body patterning in Physcomitrella patens

Changes on microsatellites of expressed sequence tag of sugarcane (Saccharum spp) during vegetative propagation

Thermally and mechanically stable β-cyclodextrin/cellulose acetate nanofibers synthesized using an environmentally benign procedure

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