Primary plasmacytoma of the thyroid gland: a case report of a rare neoplasia

Abstract

reLato de caso case report Extramedullary plasmacytoma comprises 3%-5% of all plasma cell neoplasms, and approximately 80% of the cases occur in the upper respiratory tract. Primary thyroid plasmacytomas (PTP) are rare tumors. The authors report a case of PTP in a male patient with dyspnea and dysphagia. Physical examination and computerized tomography (CT) scan revealed a solid tumor affecting the thyroid gland, measuring 12 cm in its greatest dimension. Surgical biopsy was performed. Microscopy revealed a hypercellular malignant neoplasm composed of round plasmacytoid cells arranged in solid nests, which showed a positive immunoexpression for CD138, epithelial membrane antigen (AME), kappa light chains and multiple myeloma oncogene 1 (MUM1). The diagnosis of PTP was accordingly established. 1. Pós-doutor em Patologia Cardiovascular pelo Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul; professor da Universidade Luterana do Brasil (Ulbra); patologista. 2. Mestre em Cirurgia Endócrina. 3. Especialista em Patologia; pesquisador da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). 4. Residente em Endocrinologia do Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição-Porto Alegre.

Fine‐needle aspiration cytology for the diagnosis of plasma cell neoplasms in the head and neck region: A systematic analysis of the literature

“…The electronic searches yielded 1143 articles (PubMed: 418, Web of Science: 292, Embase: 265, and Scopus: 168) and 82 studies reporting 102 individuals were included in this systematic review 17–98 (Figure 1).…”

“…Most cases were primary and extraosseous lesions. However, both extraosseous and intraosseous lesions result in a variety of findings, including swelling associated or not with pain, facial asymmetry, numbness, paraesthesia, and hoarseness 17–98 . Notably, the findings indicated that most cases had a diagnosis of plasmacytoma (extramedullary or solitary of bone) and the remaining ones had systemic involvement by PCM.…”

“…A recent systematic review identified concordance rates higher than 64% for the smear and 77% for the cell‐block technique regarding diagnostic capability for the evaluation of intraosseous jaw lesions, including malignant lesions 16 . Despite several published reports on the cytopathological diagnosis of PCN, either in isolated manifestations (extramedullary or solitary bone plasmacytoma) or as a consequence of PCM, 17–98 there is a lack of compiled information investigating the agreement of cytopathological and histopathological findings, along with others ancillary cytological methods such as smears and cell blocks. In fact, FNAC represents a faster, cheaper and more diversified noninvasive diagnostic approach.…”