Associações entre as biomassas de peixes Sciaenidae (Teleostei: Perciformes) e de camarões Penaeoidea (Decapoda: Dendrobranchiata) no litoral norte do Estado de São Paulo

Abstract

Abstract:To study the relationships among Sciaenidae fish and Penaeoidea shrimp biomass, fieldwork was carried out in the north coast of São Paulo state, Brazil, during the four seasons of 2001. Samples were collected in transects from different depths at Ubatuba, Caraguatatuba, and São Sebastião cities. Water and sediment were collected from each transect. The hypotheses that the environmental factors were different among the seasons and depths were tested by ANOVAs. The statistical dependence among the biomasses of fishes (response variable) and the biomasses of shrimps (covariable) in the three sections was tested by an ANCOVA model. CCA was used to quantify the relationships among each species' biomass. The seasons and sections important at the CCA results were evaluated by Kruskal-Wallis test and depth by Spearman's test. The temperatures and salinities were significantly different among seasons but organic matter and phi were not. A total of 378,618 g of fish and 79,338 g of shrimp were collected and the majority was captured during the winter and in shallow transects. The greatest biomass of both groups was captured at Caraguatatuba and the correlation between fish and shrimp captures was negative. A positive correlation was found in the other areas. Therefore, data from Caraguatatuba was removed from the final ANCOVA model, in which 47% of Sciaenidae biomass variability was explained by the presence of Penaeoidea shrimps. Xiphopenaeus kroyeri was the only important factor in Sciaenidae distribution in the axis 1, while axis 2 indirectly evidenced the depth gradient. The results suggest that many fish species search for the same areas where shrimp occurs, related to abiotic factors, and use them as food resource. Resumo: Visando analisar as associações entre as biomassas de peixes Sciaenidae e de camarões Penaeoidea, foram feitas amostragens com barco de arrasto nas quatro estações do ano de 2001, em um gradiente de profundidade, nas regiões de Ubatuba, Caraguatatuba e São Sebastião. Em cada transecto, foram obtidas amostras de água e de sedimento. As hipóteses de que os fatores ambientais foram diferentes entre as estações do ano e profundidades foram testadas por ANOVAs. A dependência estatística entre as biomassas de peixes (variável resposta) e as biomassas de camarões (covariável) nas três regiões, foi testada por um modelo de ANCOVA. Para quantificar as relações entre as biomassas de cada espécie foi utilizada a CCA. A importância das estações do ano e das regiões no resultado da CCA foi avaliada pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis e da profundidade pelo teste de Spearman. Nas estações do ano, as temperaturas e salinidades foram significativamente diferentes, o que não ocorreu com matéria orgânica (MO) e o diâmetro médio do sedimento (phi = Ф). Foram amostrados 378.618 g de peixes e 79.338 g de camarões, com maiores capturas no inverno e nas menores profundidades. Em Caraguatatuba foram coletadas as maiores biomassas de ambos os grupos e a correlação entre as capturas de peixes e de camarões foi negativa. ...

Bycatch fauna of seabob shrimp trawl fisheries from Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil

“…According to Souza et al (2008), it is possible that the Sciaenidae seek the same depths and areas with muddy or sandy sediments as the seabob shrimp. It may also be possible that this co-occurrence is a feeding requirement, considering the several species of shrimp found in their stomachs.…”

Ictiofauna acompanhante na pesca artesanal do camarão sete-barbas (Xiphopenaeus kroyeri) no litoral sul do Brasil

“…Essa situação demonstra a eficiência na captura da espécie-alvo e baixa seletiva, especialmente nos peixes demersais (Alverson et al 1994, Rocha & Rossi-Wongtschowski 1998, Branco & Verani 2006a, Souza et al 2008, Bail et al 2009, Bernardes Júnior et al 2011.…”

“…Essa dominância pode estar associada a diversos fatores como temperatura, salinidade, sedimento, correntes, profundidade, estação do ano e disponibilidade de alimentos em cada área de pesca (Carranza-Fraser & Grande 1982, Haimovici et al 1996, Branco & Verani 2006b, Souza et al 2008, Freitas et al 2011.…”

Feeding habits of the congeneric species Stellifer rastrifer and Stellifer brasiliensis (Acanthopterygii: Sciaenidae) co-occurring in the coast of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil

“…The fishes of the Sciaenidae family are most commonly found in shallow waters of the continental shelf, over sandy bottoms or mud (Menezes and Figueiredo, 1980;Souza et al, 2008) and represent the most important fishery resource in estuarine and coastal waters in the world (Chao, 1986). In Brazil this family is represented by 21 genera and 54 marine species (Menezes et al, 2003).…”