The polychaete fauna from the mangroves of the Amazon Coast in Maranhão state, Brazil, is reported in this study. Fourteen species are listed, namely Alitta
succinea (Leuckart, 1847); Arabella (Arabella) iricolor Montagu, 1804; Capitella
capitata (Fabricius, 1780) complex; Exogone (Exogone) breviantennata Hartmann-Schröder, 1959; Heteromastus
filiformis (Claparède, 1864); Isolda
pulchella Müller, 1858; Mediomastus
californiensis Hartman, 1944; Namalycastis
fauveli Nageswara Rao, 1981; Namalycastis
geayi (Gravier, 1901); Namalycastis
senegalensis (Saint-Joseph, 1901); Nephtys
simoni Perkins, 1980; Paraonis
amazonica
sp. n.; Sigambra
bassi (Hartman, 1945); and Sigambra
grubii Müller, 1858. Among them, Namalycastis
fauveli and Namalycastis
geayi are recorded for the first time in Brazil. Paraonis
amazonica
sp. n. is a new species for science, characterized by a rounded prostomium, 4–8 pairs of foliaceous branchiae, absent eyes, and two types of modified neurochaetae, acicular and hook-shaped.