Body length of Hylodes cf. ornatus and Lithobates catesbeianus tadpoles, depigmentation of mouthparts, and presence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis are related

Vieira, Conrado Augusto; Toledo, Luı́s Felipe; Longcore, Joyce E.

doi:10.1590/s1519-69842013000100021

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…We refer to LFT as “Tropical” throughout the paper. In this region, average annual temperatures range from 11 to 22 ° C (Vieira et al 2013). UM-142 was isolated from a bullfrog [ Lithobates ( Rana ) catesbeiana ] in an amphibian trade market in Michigan, USA.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity in growth patterns among strains of the lethal fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis across extended thermal optima

et al. 2017

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The thermal sensitivities of organisms regulate a wide range of ecological interactions, including host–parasite dynamics. The effect of temperature on disease ecology can be remarkably complex in disease systems where the hosts are ectothermic and where thermal conditions constrain pathogen reproductive rates. Amphibian chytridiomycosis, caused by the pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), is a lethal fungal disease that is influenced by temperature. However, recent temperature studies have produced contradictory findings, suggesting that our current understanding of thermal effects on Bd may be incomplete. We investigated how temperature affects three different Bd strains to evaluate diversity in thermal responses. We quantified growth across the entire thermal range of Bd, and beyond the known thermal limits (T max and T min). Our results show that all Bd strains remained viable and grew following 24 h freeze (−12 °C) and heat shock (28 °C) treatments. Additionally, we found that two Bd strains had higher logistic growth rates (r) and carrying capacities (K) at the upper and lower extremities of the temperature range, and especially in low temperature conditions (2–3 °C). In contrast, a third strain exhibited relatively lower growth rates and carrying capacities at these same thermal extremes. Overall, our results suggest that there is considerable variation among Bd strains in thermal tolerance, and they establish a new thermal sensitivity profile for Bd. More generally, our findings point toward important questions concerning the mechanisms that dictate fungal thermal tolerances and temperature-dependent pathogenesis in other fungal disease systems.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00442-017-3866-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity in growth patterns among strains of the lethal fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis across extended thermal optima

et al. 2017

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“…Among the putative causes of this decline are global warming, habitat destruction and/or fragmentation, disease, and also pesticides (Beebee and Griffiths, 2005;Inchaustegui and Powell, 2009;Vieira et al, 2013). In this context, it is important to emphasize that some characteristics, such as amphibians' very permeable skin, make them much more susceptible to anthropogenic changes than other vertebrates, such as the exposure to pollutants (Cowman and Mazanti, 2000;Rowe et al, 2003;Alho, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the organophosphorus pesticide Folisuper 600 (methyl parathion) on the heart function of bullfrog tadpoles, Lithobates catesbeianus (Shaw, 1802)

et al. 2015

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The aim of this work was to evaluate whether the heart function of bullfrog tadpoles (25 Gosner stage) is affected by their acute exposure (48 h) to a sub-lethal concentration (10 µg.L -1 ) of the active principle of the organophosphorus pesticide Folisuper 600R (methyl parathion -MP). Our results demonstrated that MP causes not only a reduction in tadpoles' cardiac ventricular mass, resulting in a marked reduction in their cardiac twitch force, but also impairs their swimming performance, irrespective of increasing their heart rate. Together, these findings indicate that low and realistic concentration of MP have a negative impact on tadpoles' performance, jeopardizing their survival. Keywords: methyl parathion, cardiac performance, bullfrog tadpoles, Lithobates catesbeianus (Rana catesbeiana).Efeitos do pesticida organofosforado Folisuper 600 (metil paration) sobre a função cardíaca de girinos de rã-touro, Lithobates catesbeianus (Shaw, 1802) ResumoO objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar se a função cardíaca de girinos de rãs-touro (estágio 25 de Gosner) é afetada pela exposição aguda (48h) a uma concentração sub-letal (10 µg.L -1 ) do princípio ativo do pesticida organofosforado Folisuper 600R (metil paration -MP). Nossos resultados demonstraram que o MP ocasionou não apenas uma redução na massa ventricular cardíaca dos girinos, como também provocou uma redução na sua força de contração cardíaca e de seu desempenho natatório, a despeito de ter sido observado um aumento de sua freqüência cardíaca. Conjuntamente, os achados aqui obtidos indicam que uma baixa e realística concentração de MP exerce um impacto negativo sobre o desempenho dos girinos, ameaçando sua sobrevivência.Palavras-chave: metil paration, desempenho cardíaco, girinos de rã-touro, Lithobates catesbeianus (Rana Catesbeiana).

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“…The fungus infects the superficial layers of the keratinized skin (Longcore et al, ) by producing structures similar to germination tubes, which penetrate host cell membranes, transferring zoospore contents into host cells (Greenspan et al, ; Rooij et al, ). In tadpoles, Bd mainly infects the keratinized mouthparts (tooth rows and jaws), causing generalized depigmentation (Berger et al, ; Nichols et al, ; Rachowicz and Vredenburg, ; Vieira et al, ). Such depigmentation is associated with the capacity of the fungus to infect also the melanocytes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cardiac adaptations of bullfrog tadpoles in response to chytrid infection

et al. 2015

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The chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) can result in heart failure in Bd-susceptible species. Since Bd infection generally does not cause mortality in North American bullfrogs, the aim of this work was to verify whether this species presents any cardiac adaptation that could improve the tolerance to the fungus. Thus, we analyzed tadpoles' activity level, relative ventricular mass, ventricle morphology, in loco heart frequency, and in vitro cardiac function. The results indicate that infected animals present an increase in both ventricular relative mass and in myofibrils' incidence, which accompanied the increase in myocytes' diameter. Such morphological alterations enabled an increase in the in vitro twitch force that, in vivo, would result in elevation of the cardiac stroke volume. This response requires much less energy expenditure than an elevation in heart frequency, but still enables the heart to pump a higher volume of blood per minute (i.e., an increase in cardiac output). As a consequence, the energy saved in the regulation of the cardiac function of Bd-infected tadpoles can be employed in other homeostatic adjustments to avoid the lethal effect of the fungus. Whether other species present this ability, and to what extent, remains uncertain, but such possible interspecific variability might explain different mortality rates among different species of Bd-infected amphibians.

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Body length of Hylodes cf. ornatus and Lithobates catesbeianus tadpoles, depigmentation of mouthparts, and presence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis are related

Cited by 17 publications

References 28 publications

Diversity in growth patterns among strains of the lethal fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis across extended thermal optima

Diversity in growth patterns among strains of the lethal fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis across extended thermal optima

Effects of the organophosphorus pesticide Folisuper 600 (methyl parathion) on the heart function of bullfrog tadpoles, Lithobates catesbeianus (Shaw, 1802)

Cardiac adaptations of bullfrog tadpoles in response to chytrid infection

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