Evaluation of Electronic Mosquito-Repelling Devices Using Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae)

Andrade, Carlos Fernando Salgueirosa de; Bueno, Virgínia S.

doi:10.1590/s1519-566x2001000300030

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…(2000), Jensen et al. (2000), and Andrade & Bueno (2001) showed the same. However, despite the lack of any publication confirming efficacy, the commercialization of new electronic mosquito repellent devices is still ongoing in many countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Furthermore, in 2003, SK Telecom (Jung-gu, Seoul, South Korea) offered a service via mobile telephone that generated sound waves undetectable to the human ear but able to repel mosquitoes within a range of 1 m. Subscribers were able to download the service for about US $2.5 (Anonymous, O Estado de São Paulo -Tecnologia, 10 July 2003). Coro & Suárez (1998) reviewed many publications, confirming the lack of efficacy of electronic repellers, and the later papers of Sylla et al (2000), Jensen et al (2000), and Andrade & Bueno (2001) showed the same. However, despite the lack of any publication confirming efficacy, the commercialization of new electronic mosquito repellent devices is still ongoing in many countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Evaluation of seven new electronic mosquito repellers

Cabrini

Andrade

2006

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Evaluation of seven new electronic mosquito repellers

Cabrini

Andrade

2006

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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“…Sound has over the years been used to scare off pest species, with its humble origins of loud claps and yells in ancient agricultural fields, and now ultrasound producing electronic repellents (EMR) are used in combating mosquitoes (Antonelli et al, 2007;Simeon et al, 2013;Aflitto and DeGomez, 2014). Evaluation experiments with mosquito-repelling devices which included the Anti-Pic®, Mosquito Repeller® DX-600 and Bye-Bye Mosquito® done by exposing human hands to Aedes albopictus (Skuse) adults showed insignificant success in repellency, failing to confirm the 30.3 % repellency due to Anti-Pic® initially determined (Andrade and Bueno, 2001). The electronic mosquito-repelling devices studied ranged from 2kHz to 60 kHz in frequency with harmonic peaks from 4 kHz to 68 kHz (Rutledge et al, 1985;Combemale et al, 1992).…”

Section: Highlights Of the Worldwide Malaria Situation And Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The electronic mosquito-repelling devices studied ranged from 2kHz to 60 kHz in frequency with harmonic peaks from 4 kHz to 68 kHz (Rutledge et al, 1985;Combemale et al, 1992). Also, experiments with functioning electronic mosquito repellents (EMR) mimicking calls from bats and male Anopheles gambiae in the frequency range of 125 Hz to 74.6 kHz showed that 12 out of 15 field experiments yielded higher landing rate on the human bare body parts than the control experiments (Andrade and Bueno, 2001;Center For the Advancement Of Health, 2007;. The EMRs are used indoors and outdoors and are purported to repel mosquitoes within a range of 2.5 m (CAH, 2007).…”

Section: Highlights Of the Worldwide Malaria Situation And Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical analysis of the mosquito repellency evoked by the 10-34 kHz recorded animal sounds: The case of the African female A. gambiae s.s

Mang’are

Gichuki

Rotich

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Animals sounds have been mimicked in electronic mosquito repellents (EMRs) and exploited as a tool in the control of malaria by targeting the vector, the female Anopheles gambiae s.s. The claimed mosquito repellency of 30.3 % due to Anti-Pic®, an electronic mosquito repellent, had failed to be confirmed in subsequent studies. However, studies on mosquito startle based on initial behavioural activities without an attractant yielded 34.12 % repellency elicited by the 10-34 kHz recorded sound of O. tormota. Other malaria intervention measures involving the use of chemicals have been impeded by the pathogen and vector resistance hence slowing down the rate of decline of malaria morbidity and mortality. The research thus focused on the analytical study of the African female A. gambiae s.s repellency evoked by the 10-34 kHz recorded animal sound of male mosquito, Anopheles gambiae and Delphinapterus leucas. Landing rates and behavioural startle responses of the mated female A. gambiae on food attractant evoked by the individual sound of the male mosquito, A. gambiae, O. tormota and D. leucas were determined and analysed. The male and female A. gambiae were bred and reared under controlled laboratory conditions of 60-80 % humidity, 25±2 o C temperature with equal light-darkness hour cycle in KEMRI, entomology laboratories. Isolation of the male and female mosquitoes from a swarm was based on physical features and affinity to blood meal. The sounds of O. tormota and D. leucas were acquired and the sound of the male A. gambiae were recorded from the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) entomology laboratory, Kisumu. The sounds were filtered into 10-34 kHz frequency band and analysed using Avisoft-SAS LAB Pro version 5.2 and Raven Pro 1.5 software. The sound of O. tormota was also studied. A fighto-Y glass cage well designed into control, neutral and treatment chambers was used in the study. Both control and treatment chambers were connected to blood meal maintained at 38.60 o C. The treatment cage was also connected to the source of sound and a swarm of 50 female mosquitoes into the neutral cage and observed for 1,200 s. The sounds of the A. gambiae, O. tormota and D. leucas yielded 2.10, 2.20 and 3.00 landings/minute respectively associated with adverse behaviour. The protection index (PI) anchored on the number of mosquitoes that landed, probed and fed on the blood meal in the treatment and neutral cage for the sounds of the A. gambiae, O. tormota and D. leucas was 42.73 %, 40.24 % and 10.64 % respectively. The sound of the A. gambiae was characterised by steady and minimally dipped pulsate acoustic power with wide bandwidth. The protection index achieved by the sound of the male A. gambiae did not differ significantly from the sound of O. tormota (0.1740 > 0.05), though differed significantly from the sound emitted from the Anti-Pic® EMR (p = 5.3440 x 10 -5 ).

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“…Manufacturers have claimed this repels biting insects, and audible sound generators have been sold for more than three decades as mosquito repellers. However, independent studies have failed to show the efficacy of these electronic devices that emit ultrasonic waves for protection against the bites of selected species of mosquitoes (Andrade & Bueno 2001; Belton 1981; Foster & Lutes 1985; Kutz 1974). Clements (1999) pointed out that female mosquitoes did not respond to acoustic stimuli.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repellency of inseminated Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) females to various wing‐beat sound frequencies in modulated intensities in a flight chamber

Lee

2006

Entomological Research

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Wing‐beat sound frequencies at 370, 440, 493 and 554 Hz were evaluated for female mosquito repellency. One hundred inseminated females of Culex pipiens were introduced into a 30 cm × 30 cm × 3 m screened cage with an electronic device (cellular phone) emitting selected frequencies positioned at one end of the chamber. The mosquitoes were counted in areas of 0.0–0.5, 0.5–1.0, 1.0–2.0 and 2.0–3.0 m from the cellular phone. In a second test, 50 Cx. pipiens were released in the screened cage with a shaved rat as bait placed beside the cellular phone (370 Hz) at the center of the chamber. Statistical analysis (anova) showed that significantly fewer (P < 0.05) mosquitoes rested near the cellular phone at 370 Hz, but not at the other frequencies. Similarly, there was significant reduction (mean 33.0%) in the number of mosquitoes taking a blood meal on the shaved rat when the cellular phone was turned on (P < 0.01).

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Evaluation of Electronic Mosquito-Repelling Devices Using Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae)

Cited by 10 publications

References 3 publications

Evaluation of seven new electronic mosquito repellers

Evaluation of seven new electronic mosquito repellers

Critical analysis of the mosquito repellency evoked by the 10-34 kHz recorded animal sounds: The case of the African female A. gambiae s.s

Repellency of inseminated Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) females to various wing‐beat sound frequencies in modulated intensities in a flight chamber

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