Assessment on the ownership and use of mosquito nets in Mozambique

Arroz, Jorge; Chirrute, Francisco; Mendis, Chandana; Chande, Marta; Kollhoff, Veronique

doi:10.1590/s1518-8787.2016050006335

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…While the impact of bed nets has been extensively tested and proven in sub-Sahara Africa few reports on effectiveness, efficacy, cost, accessibility, and ownership of bed nets exist from the reviewed countries. As observed with other topics, second-line elimination countries such as Mozambique [ 57 , 61 , 75 , 79 , 80 , 89 ], Zambia [ 97 , 100 , 107 , 114 , 119 , 120 , 124 , 132 , 133 , 139 ] and Zimbabwe [ 139 , 162 , 166 , 168 , 175 ] have more data than elimination countries which do not place a strong emphasis on LLINs in their national malaria control programs. Current LLINs are manufactured for durability.…”

Section: Vector Controlmentioning

confidence: 82%

Six decades of malaria vector control in southern Africa: a review of the entomological evidence-base

Nkya

Fillinger

Sangoro

et al. 2022

Malar J

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Background Countries in the southern Africa region have set targets for malaria elimination between 2020 and 2030. Malaria vector control is among the key strategies being implemented to achieve this goal. This paper critically reviews published entomological research over the past six decades in three frontline malaria elimination countries namely, Botswana Eswatini and Namibia, and three second-line malaria elimination countries including Mozambique, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. The objective of the review is to assess the current knowledge and highlight gaps that need further research attention to strengthen evidence-based decision-making toward malaria elimination. Methods Publications were searched on the PubMed engine using search terms: “(malaria vector control OR vector control OR malaria vector*) AND (Botswana OR Swaziland OR Eswatini OR Zambia OR Zimbabwe OR Mozambique)”. Opinions, perspectives, reports, commentaries, retrospective analysis on secondary data protocols, policy briefs, and reviews were excluded. Results The search resulted in 718 publications with 145 eligible and included in this review for the six countries generated over six decades. The majority (139) were from three countries, namely Zambia (59) and Mozambique (48), and Zimbabwe (32) whilst scientific publications were relatively scanty from front-line malaria elimination countries, such as Namibia (2), Botswana (10) and Eswatini (4). Most of the research reported in the publications focused on vector bionomics generated mostly from Mozambique and Zambia, while information on insecticide resistance was mostly available from Mozambique. Extreme gaps were identified in reporting the impact of vector control interventions, both on vectors and disease outcomes. The literature is particularly scanty on important issues such as change of vector ecology over time and space, intervention costs, and uptake of control interventions as well as insecticide resistance. Conclusions The review reveals a dearth of information about malaria vectors and their control, most noticeable among the frontline elimination countries: Namibia, Eswatini and Botswana. It is of paramount importance that malaria vector research capacity and routine entomological monitoring and evaluation are strengthened to enhance decision-making, considering changing vector bionomics and insecticide resistance, among other determinants of malaria vector control.

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Section: Vector Controlmentioning

confidence: 82%

Six decades of malaria vector control in southern Africa: a review of the entomological evidence-base

Nkya

Fillinger

Sangoro

et al. 2022

Malar J

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“…One study in Kenya conducted school-based post-campaign surveys in order to quickly obtain ITN ownership and use coverage estimates, with the limitation that responses could not be verified by observation [ 52 ]. Lot quality assurance sampling (LQAS) was employed by a handful of post-campaign surveys [ 60 - 63 ]. A small study validating a rapid assessment tool for malaria prevention used LQAS to identify areas that were not reaching targets of intervention coverage and use [ 61 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another applied LQAS methods to a secondary analysis of a nationally representative household survey data set to estimate community-level coverage by considering each cluster as a lot, and assigning a pass-fail threshold for different ITN coverage targets, using a 20%-point margin between target and minimally acceptable result [ 63 ]. LQAS was also used to determine whether net ownership and use thresholds were met after a national ITN distribution campaign in Mozambique, with findings similar to estimates generated by the NetCalc tool [ 60 ]. NetCalc uses programmatic data describing the number of nets distributed, estimated durability of nets, pre-distribution net coverage, and estimates of population and household size to generate predictions of expected net coverage.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating malaria chemoprevention and vector control coverage using program and campaign data: A scoping review of current practices and opportunities

Nice¹,

Nahusenay²,

Eckert³

et al. 2020

Journal of Global Health

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Background Accurate estimation of intervention coverage is a vital component of malaria program monitoring and evaluation, both for process evaluation (how well program targets are achieved), and impact evaluation (whether intervention coverage had an impact on malaria burden). There is growing interest in maximizing the utility of program data to generate interim estimates of intervention coverage in the periods between large-scale cross-sectional surveys (the gold standard). As such, this study aimed to identify relevant concepts and themes that may guide future optimization of intervention coverage estimation using routinely collected data, or data collected during and following intervention campaigns, with a particular focus on strategies to define the denominator. Methods We conducted a scoping review of current practices to estimate malaria intervention coverage for insecticide-treated nets (ITNs); indoor residual spray (IRS); intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp); mass drug administration (MDA); and seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) interventions; case management was excluded. Multiple databases were searched for relevant articles published from January 1, 2015 to June 1, 2018. Additionally, we identified and included other guidance relevant to estimating population denominators, with a focus on innovative techniques. Results While program data have the potential to provide intervention coverage data, there are still substantial challenges in selecting appropriate denominators. The review identified a lack of consistency in how coverage was defined and reported for each intervention type, with denominator estimation methods not clearly or consistently reported, and denominator estimates rarely triangulated with other data sources to present the feasible range of denominator values and consequently the range of likely coverage estimates. Conclusions Though household survey-based estimates of intervention coverage remain the gold standard, efforts should be made to further standardize practices for generating interim measurements of intervention coverage from program data, and for estimating and reporting population denominators. This includes fully describing any projections or adjustments made to existing census or population data, exploring opportunities to validate available data by comparing with other sources, and explaining how the denominator has been restricted (or not) to reflect exclusion criteria.

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“…This analysis showed the impact of efforts of the Mozambique NMCP to improve access to malaria prevention through increased access to ITNs. Of all the women of reproductive age who participated in the 2018 MIS, 90% belonged to households that had at least one ITN, which exceeds the NMCP's target of "85% of households should have at least one ITN by 2022" (20). This marked increase in ITN access represents an important milestone in the ght against malaria, but underscores the need for high ITN use in order to reduce malaria transmission.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Factors Associated with the Use of Insecticide-Treated Nets Among Women of Reproductive Age in Mozambique, 2018

Mausse

Rossetto²,

Baltazar

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: In 2018 there were approximately 228 million diagnosed cases of malaria and 405,000 deaths. The use of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) is one of the main malaria prevention interventions. Despite widescale distribution resulting in improved ITN access, use remains an important challenge. This study determined factors associated with the use of ITNs among women of reproductive age in Mozambique in 2018.Methods: A secondary analysis of data from the 2018 Malaria Indicator Survey (MIS) was implemented. Women of reproductive age (15-49 years) from households with at least one ITN were included in the analysis. Appropriately weighted descriptive analysis of sociodemographic characteristics and univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to identify factors associated with ITN use. The highest frequency categories were used as reference variables for the variables age, province, type of place of residence and wealth quintile and the lowest frequency category was used for education level. Variables that had p-value <0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results: Of 6,184 total women of reproductive age in the MIS, 5,587 women (90%) were in households with at least one ITN, of whom 88% (4,908/5,587) reported prior night use of ITNs. Most women were in the 15-19 age group of whom 81% (975/1,206) reported ITN use. The odds of ITN use were significantly higher in all other age groups compared to these women aged 15-19 years. The odds of ITN use were significantly lower in lower prevalence provinces in southern Mozambique. In adjusted analysis, there was no significant association between the odds of ITN use and malaria knowledge, exposure to malaria messages, literacy, or other sociodemographic variables.Conclusions:. Young women and those in southern Mozambique are demographic groups that would benefit from targeted communication interventions, along with those in rural areas where the burden of malaria is higher.

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Assessment on the ownership and use of mosquito nets in Mozambique

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

Six decades of malaria vector control in southern Africa: a review of the entomological evidence-base

Six decades of malaria vector control in southern Africa: a review of the entomological evidence-base

Estimating malaria chemoprevention and vector control coverage using program and campaign data: A scoping review of current practices and opportunities

Factors Associated with the Use of Insecticide-Treated Nets Among Women of Reproductive Age in Mozambique, 2018

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