Chemical products induce resistance to <italic>Xanthomonas perforans</italic> in tomato

Abstract

The bacterial spot of tomato, caused by Xanthomonas spp., is a very important disease, especially in the hot and humid periods of the year. The chemical control of the disease has not been very effective for a number of reasons. This study aimed to evaluate, under greenhouse conditions, the efficacy of leaf-spraying chemicals (acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) (0.025 g.L−1), fluazinam (0.25 g.L−1), pyraclostrobin (0.08 g.L−1), pyraclostrobin + methiran (0.02 g.L−1 + 2.2 g.L−1), copper oxychloride (1.50 g.L−1), mancozeb + copper oxychloride (0.88 g.L−1 + 0.60 g.L−1), and oxytetracycline (0.40 g.L−1)) on control of bacterial spot. Tomatoes Santa Clara and Gisele cultivars were pulverized 3 days before inoculation with Xanthomonas perforans. The production of enzymes associated with resistance induction (peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, β-1,3-glucanase, and protease) was quantified from leaf samples collected 24 hours before and 24 hours after chemical spraying and at 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 days after bacterial inoculation. All products tested controlled bacterial spot, but only ASM, pyraclostrobin, and pyraclostrobin + metiram increased the production of peroxidase in the leaves of the two tomato cultivars, and increased the production of polyphenol oxidase and β-1,3-glucanase in the Santa Clara cultivar.

Mutagenesis of PhaR, a Regulator Gene of Polyhydroxyalkanoate Biosynthesis of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Caused Pleiotropic Phenotype Changes

“…dieffenbachiae LMG 695 (Xad LMG695), a pathogen of monocot Ariod plants (Robène et al, 2016), consists of dicot plant parasites, including X. axonopodis pv. phaseoli (XapCFBP6982, pathogen of bean (Gent et al, 2005), X. perforans (Xp91-118, pathogen of Solanacearum plant (Itako et al, 2015), X. euvesicatoria LMG930 (Xe LMG930, pathogen of pepper Vancheva et al, 2018), X. campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv85-10, pathogen of pepper and tomato; Jones et al, 2004; Quelas et al, 2016), X. axonopodis pv.…”

Foliar Application of the Fungicide Pyraclostrobin Reduced Bacterial Spot Disease of Pepper

“…acibenzolar-S-methyl, probenazole, b-aminobutyric acid (BABA), 2R,3R-butanediol BTH (Anfoka, 2000;Dietrich , 2005;Lugtenberg Kamilova, 2009;Oostendorp , 2001;Schreiber Desveaux, 2008;Skandalis , 2016 (Vigo , 2012). pyraclostrobin peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, b-1,3-glucanase protease (X. perforans) (Itako , 2015).…”

Antagonism of different species of Lactobacillus spp. against phytobacteria

“…Due to the increase in the world population and consequently a growing demand for various foods, including tomatoes and their derivatives, the use of pesticides and antibiotics are among the main strategies to fight their diseases, including those caused by phytobacteria (Wang et al, 2018). However, it is worth noting that the use of pesticides banned from the market and with a high degree of toxicity for humans and the environment are still being marketed in many countries, as well as the use of antibiotics on a large scale inducing the development of resistant bacterial isolates making the use of probiotics as a form of biological control to become a good alternative (Itako et al, 2015).…”