Bioremediation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using rhizosphere technology

Abstract

The remediation of polluted sites has become a priority for society because of increase in quality of life standards and the awareness of environmental issues. Over the past few decades there has been avid interest in developing in situ strategies for remediation of environmental contaminants, because of the high economic cost of physicochemical strategies, the biological tools for remediation of these persistent pollutants is the better option. Major foci have been considered on persistent organic chemicals i.e. polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) due to their ubiquitous occurrence, recalcitrance, bioaccumulation potential and carcinogenic activity. Rhizoremediation, a specific type of phytoremediation that involves both plants and their associated rhizospheric microbes is the creative biotechnological approach that has been explored in this review. Moreover, in this review we showed the significance of rhizoremediation of PAHs from other bioremediation strategies i.e. natural attenuation, bioaugmentation and phytoremediation and also analyze certain environmental factor that may influence the rhizoremediation technique. Numerous bacterial species were reported to degrade variety of PAHs and most of them are isolated from contaminated soil, however few reports are available from non contaminated soil. Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Pseudomons fluoresens , Mycobacterium spp., Haemophilus spp., Rhodococcus spp., Paenibacillus spp. are some of the commonly studied PAH-degrading bacteria. Finally, exploring the molecular communication between plants and microbes, and exploiting this communication to achieve better results in the elimination of contaminants, is a fascinating area of research for future perspective.

Plant-Microbe Interactions: A Molecular Approach

“…Moreover, many industrial solvents including toluene, benzene, and ethylene have also been rendered nontoxic by the same phenomenon (El-Naas et al 2014 ). Another similar term, phytoremediation, defi nes the process, whereby the pollutants are detoxifi ed by plants (Bisht et al 2015 ). Plants carry out the process by absorbing the pollutants from the soil, transporting them to the shoot, and/or converting them into relatively safer products.…”

Characterization of a Microbial Consortium for the Bioremoval of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Water

“…However, working with microbial consortia requires an adaptation period, which consists of pre-enrichment and enrichment phases that depend on the compound analyzed, and the microorganisms’ ability to degrade the target PAHs at contaminated sites must be proven [13,14,15,16]. In the present study, ore waste was used because it commonly contains microorganisms that have survived mining contaminants (including PAHs) and that may have the capacity to remove certain organic compounds.…”

The Chain of Chirality Transfer as Determinant of Brain Functional Laterality. Breaking the Chirality Silence: Search for New Generation of Biomarkers; Relevance to Neurodegenerative Diseases, Cognitive Psychology, and Nutrition Science

“…In the variety of the "inhomogeneous" situations, water molecules dynamically participate in chirality-related effects. Among such conditions, we can point on the aggregation of water molecules into clusters [38], interaction with magnetic bio-proteins [39], contact with the solid/gel/liquid surface [40], interaction with the chiral solutes [41,42], and dehydration synthesis of proteins (via covalent bonds of amino-acids). In particular, it was shown that structured water exhibits a chirality adapted from DNA [43].…”