Production of plant cell wall degrading enzymes by monoculture and co-culture of Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus terreus under SSF of banana peels

Abstract

Filamentous fungi are considered to be the most important group of microorganisms for the production of plant cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDE), in solid state fermentations. In this study, two fungal strains Aspergillus niger MS23 and Aspergillus terreus MS105 were screened for plant CWDE such as amylase, pectinase, xylanase and cellulases (β-glucosidase, endoglucanase and filterpaperase) using a novel substrate, Banana Peels (BP) for SSF process. This is the first study, to the best of our knowledge, to use BP as SSF substrate for plant CWDE production by co-culture of fungal strains. The titers of pectinase were significantly improved in co-culture compared to mono-culture. Furthermore, the enzyme preparations obtained from monoculture and co-culture were used to study the hydrolysis of BP along with some crude and purified substrates. It was observed that the enzymatic hydrolysis of different crude and purified substrates accomplished after 26 h of incubation, where pectin was maximally hydrolyzed by the enzyme preparations of mono and co-culture. Along with purified substrates, crude materials were also proved to be efficiently degraded by the cocktail of the CWDE. These results demonstrated that banana peels may be a potential substrate in solid-state fermentation for the production of plant cell wall degrading enzymes to be used for improving various biotechnological and industrial processes.

Production of cellulase from Aspergillus terreus MS105 on crude and commercially purified substrates

“…The selection of substrate that can facilitate anchorage of fungi, along with providing sufficient nutrients under SSF processes remained a subject of intense research for many decades (Yoon et al 2014 ). Previously, A. terreus MS105 has been studied for its potential to produce cellulases and other plant CWDE under SSF of banana-peels in mono-and in co-culture with A. niger (Rehman et al 2014 ); in this study cellulolytic potential of A. terreus MS105 was evaluated under Smf as well as in SSF of grass, corn-cob and sugarcane-bagasse. The strain produced the highest titers of EG and BGL under Smf of grass and SSF of sugarcane-bagasse indicating the potential of this strain to utilize a variety of substrates in the presence and in the absence of free-water.…”

“…The production of cellulases from A. terreus has also been reported, but only few studies describing the production of cellulolytic enzymes under SSF of crude LC substrates have appeared so far. Earlier, the production of various enzymes from A. terreus MS105 on banana peels was reported (Rehman et al 2014 ). However, in the present work the production of cellulases on grass, sugarcane-bagasse and corn-cob is described.…”

Banana Peels: A Promising Substrate for the Coproduction of Pectinase and Xylanase from Aspergillus fumigatus MS16

“…Enzyme activity assays. The xylanase and pectinase activities were determined by using 0.5% birchwood xylan or 0.5% citrus pectin as a substrate (Rehman et al 2014). The liberation of reducing sugars was estimated by the dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method (Miller 1959) against standard curves of xylose or galacturonic acid.…”

“…Consequently, thousands of tons of BP are accumulated as the domestic and food industry's waste, which is not effectively utilized. With considerable quantities of lignin (6-12%), pectin (10-21%), cellulose (7-10%), and hemicelluloses (6-9.4%) (Emaga et al 2008), BP has been reported as an effective fermentation substrate (Kiranmayi et al 2011;Rehman et al 2014). Various studies have been conducted to produce industrially important enzymes using BP including alpha-amylase by Bacillus subtilis and Penicillium species (Akkarachaneeyakorn et al 2018), and laccase by Trametes pubescens (Osma et al 2007).…”

Optimization of L-lactic Acid Production from Banana Peel by Multiple Parallel Fermentation with <i>Bacillus licheniformis</i> and <i>Aspergillus awamori</i>

“…Cellulose, hemicellulose, starch, and pectin are contained as polysaccharides in banana peel (Essien et al, 2005), and can be used as a supplementary source for the production of industrial enzymes (Oberoi et al, 2011). Banana peel is also an agricultural residue that provides renewable energy resources (Rehman et al, 2014;Jeevan et al, 2011).…”