Bactericidal antibiotic-phytochemical combinations against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Kyaw, Bhone Myint; arora, Shuchi; Lim, Chu Sing

doi:10.1590/s1517-83822012000300013

Cited by 54 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…While Q + M + R with AMP and AMO showed additive effect (FICI <1). These results are in in conformity with earlier findings where quercetin was found to be synergistic with minocycline, fusidic acid and rifampicin [24]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Quercetin alone has been found active against S. aureus and K. pneumoniae [23]. It has also been found to be potentiating effects of antibiotics such as rifampicin, fusidic acid and rifampicin against MRSA and MSSA [24]. Quercetin alone and in combination with gentamycin, levolfloxacin and sulphadiazine was found to be synergistic since MIC of qurecetin and test antibiotics decreased four folds when they were combined with each other [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antibiotic additive and synergistic action of rutin, morin and quercetin against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Amin

Khurram

Khattak

et al. 2015

BMC Complement Altern Med

166

110

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BackgroundTo determine the effect of flavonoids in conjunction with antibiotics in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) a study was designed. The flavonoids included Rutin, Morin, Qurecetin while antibiotics included ampicillin, amoxicillin, cefixime, ceftriaxone, vancomycin, methicillin, cephradine, erythromycin, imipenem, sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim, ciprofloxacin and levolfloxacin. Test antibiotics were mostly found resistant with only Imipenem and Erythromycin found to be sensitive against 100 MRSA clinical isolates and S. aureus (ATCC 43300). The flavonoids were tested alone and also in different combinations with selected antibiotics.MethodsAntibiotics and flavonoids sensitivity assays were carried using disk diffusion method. The combinations found to be effective were sifted through MIC assays by broth macro dilution method. Exact MICs were determined using an incremental increase approach. Fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICI) were determined to evaluate relationship between antibiotics and flavonoids is synergistic or additive. Potassium release was measured to determine the effect of antibiotic-flavonoids combinations on the cytoplasmic membrane of test bacteria.ResultsAntibiotic and flavonoids screening assays indicated activity of flavanoids against test bacteria. The inhibitory zones increased when test flavonoids were combined with antibiotics facing resistance. MICs of test antibiotics and flavonoids reduced when they were combined. Quercetin was the most effective flavonoid (MIC 260 μg/ml) while morin + rutin + quercetin combination proved most efficient with MIC of 280 + 280 + 140 μg/ml. Quercetin + morin + rutin with amoxicillin, ampicillin, cephradine, ceftriaxone, imipenem, and methicillin showed synergism, while additive relationship was indicated between morin + rutin and amoxicillin, cephradine, ceftriaxone, imipenem, and methicillin. Quercetin alone had an additive effect with ampicillin, cephradine, ceftriaxone, imipenem, and methicillin. Potassium leakage was highest for morin + rutin + quercetin that improved further in combination with imipenem. Morin and rutin alone had no activity but in combination showed activity against test bacteria.ConclusionsThe flavonoids when used in combination with antibiotics were found to increase each other activity against test bacteria. The relationship between the flavonoids and antibiotics in most of the cases was additive. However in a few cases synergism was also observed. Flavonoids alone or in combinations also damaged bacterial cell membrane.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic additive and synergistic action of rutin, morin and quercetin against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Amin

Khurram

Khattak

et al. 2015

BMC Complement Altern Med

166

110

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show abstract

“…This is in line with Kyaw and Lim (2012) which reported that eugenol which is a bacteriostatic phytochemical (Rastogi et al, 2008;Yadav et al, 2015) in combination with a bacteriostatic antibiotic minocycline produced indifference interaction. According to Qin et al (2013), indifference is when the combined action is the same as with either component alone.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…One approach using combination of antimicrobial therapy that consists of existing antibiotic and plant extract is the best alternative therapeutic weapon to combat superbug pathogen (Cowan, 1999;Kyaw and Lim, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pterostilbene Enhanced Anti-Methicillin Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) Activity of Oxacillin

Ishak¹,

Ghazali²,

Zin³

et al. 2016

American Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a deadly pathogen that initially was limited to hospital and healthcare facilities but has gradually became a growing problem in healthy children and adults. Pterostilbene belongs to the phenylpropanoid phytoalexin which is involved in plant response to various pathogen and herbivores attack. The aim of this study is to evaluate the anti-MRSA action of pterostilbene in combination with selected antibiotics; vancomycin, linezolid and oxacillin against ATCC 43300 and ATCC 33591. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index values were determined. Microbroth dilution technique and microdilution checkerboard (MDC) assay were employed. The MIC and MBC of pterostilbene against ATCC 33591 was 31.25 and 62.50 µg mL −1 , respectively. While for ATCC 43300, the MBC value was also twice (62.50 µg mL −1 ) its MIC value of 31.25 µg mL −1 . This indicated that pterostilbene was bacteriostatic against both MRSA strains. Our MIC/MBC study also showed that linezolid exhibited bacteriostatic action but, oxacillin and vancomycin were bactericidal. MDC study showed that pterostilbene-oxacillin combination exhibited lowest FIC value (0.56) against both MRSA strains which indicated partial synergistic interaction. On the other hand, pterostilbene was additive (FIC 1.00) in combination with vancomycin whereas pterostilbene-linezolid combination displayed indifference effect with FIC of 1.25 against both MRSA strains. Pterostilbene in combination with oxacillin partially enhanced anti-MRSA activity with twofold reduction in MIC of oxacillin by acting at different site at the bacterial cell wall from that of oxacillin but more specific to the site of action of vancomycin.

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“…The most frequently employed is the checkerboard assay, which expresses antimicrobial interactions on the basis of the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) or isobolograms [7,10]. There are different interpretations of antimicrobial interactions on the basis of FICI, for example a synergistic interaction is considered to occur if FICI ≤ 0.5 [11,12,13] or < 1 [2]. There are also different interpretations of the FICI values denoting additivity (0.5 < FICI ≤ 1, FICI = 1) [2,11,12], indifference (1 < FICI ≤ 2, 1 < FICI ≤ 4, 5 < FICI ≤ 4) [11,12,13,14] and antagonism (FICI > 1, 2 or 4) [2,11,12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential Oils and Their Components as Modulators of Antibiotic Activity against Gram-Negative Bacteria

et al. 2016

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Gram-negative bacteria cause infections that are difficult to treat due to the emergence of multidrug resistance. This review summarizes the current status of the studies investigating the capacity of essential oils and their components to modulate antibiotic activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Synergistic interactions are particularly discussed with reference to possible mechanisms by which essential oil constituents interact with antibiotics. Special emphasis is given to essential oils and volatile compounds that inhibit efflux pumps, thus reversing drug resistance in Gram-negative bacteria. In addition, indifference and antagonism between essential oils/volatile compounds and conventional antibiotics have also been reported. Overall, this literature review reveals that essential oils and their purified components enhance the efficacy of antibiotics against Gram-negative bacteria, being promising candidates for the development of new effective formulations against Gram-negative bacteria.

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Bactericidal antibiotic-phytochemical combinations against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Cited by 54 publications

References 6 publications

Antibiotic additive and synergistic action of rutin, morin and quercetin against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Antibiotic additive and synergistic action of rutin, morin and quercetin against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Pterostilbene Enhanced Anti-Methicillin Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) Activity of Oxacillin

Essential Oils and Their Components as Modulators of Antibiotic Activity against Gram-Negative Bacteria

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