Bioconversion of ginsenoside Rb1 into compound K by Leuconostoc citreum LH1 isolated from kimchi

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Whole cell biotransformation of major ginsenosides using Leuconostocs and Lactobacilli

“…mesenteroides was reported by Chi et al (12,18). Additionally, ginsenoside Rb1 was transformed into compound K by cell extract of 2 Leuconostoc strains isolated from kimchi (25,26).…”

“…Elution was performed at a flow rate of 0.65 mL/min using a solvent gradient consisting of (A) water and (B) acetonitrile with linear gradient profile. The ratio of solvent A/solvent B were 70/30, 60/40, 55/45, 50/ 50, 40/60, 10/90, 0/100, 0/100, 70/30, and 70/30, at running times of 0,10,20,25, 35, 40, 42, 52, 57, and 70 min, respectively. The absorbance of each sample was measured at 203 nm.…”

Fermented Wild Ginseng by Rhizopus oligosporus Improved l-Carnitine and Ginsenoside Contents

“…For example, the anti-inflammatory and antitumor effects of compound K transformed from ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2 and Rc) were improved [14,15]. Therefore, numerous studies have focused on the synthesis of minor ginsenosides by hydrolyzing the sugar residues linked to the C-3, C-6 and C-20 positions of the major ginsenosides [16,17] through various procedures such as heating and acid treatment [18,19], an enzymatic method (β-glucosidase) [20,21] and microbial fermentation [16,17,[22][23][24]. In microbial fermentation, most of the microbial strains such as Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Bifidobacterium longum and Rhizopus stolonifera were used to produce minor ginsenosides from the main ginsenosides by deglycosylation using β-glucosidase [16,23], and to improve phenolic contents and antioxidant activities [22].…”

Ginsenoside compound K suppresses the abnormal activation of T lymphocytes in mice with collagen-induced arthritis

“…Ginsenosides, the major components of ginseng, exhibit various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-dementia, and anti-tumor effects [17][18][19] . The protopanaxadiol ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, and Rc are metabolized to compound K (C-K; Figure 1) by intestinal bacteria in humans and rats [20][21][22] . C-K (20-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol) exhibits various immunopharmacological properties, including antiallergic and anti-carcinogenic effects [23][24][25] .…”