Formulation of economical microbial feed using degraded chicken feathers by a novel Streptomyces sp: mitigation of environmental pollution

Abstract

A new Streptomyces sp. IF 5 was isolated from the feather dumped soil and found to have a tremendous keratinase activity. The strain enabled the degradation of the chicken feathers very effectively in 60 h. The 16S rRNA sequence of 1474 bp long was submitted to the National centre for Biotechnological information. The keratinolytic activity in the culture medium was 1181 U/ml. The release and analyses of sulphydryl groups in the culture medium evident the degradation activity by the Streptomyces sp. IF 5. The idea of the present study was to use the degraded chicken feathers as the substrate for the growth and cultivation of microorganisms. We have designed a very economical culture medium that includes the usage of some basal salts alone and degraded chicken feathers (10 g/l). The results of the specific growth rate of the tested microbes confirm the usage of the new designed medium for microbial culturing.

Keratinolytic activity of Bacillus subtilis LFB-FIOCRUZ 1266 enhanced by whole-cell mutagenesis

“…Thus, keratinous materials can remain inert in the environment for a long time, as keratinase producing microorganisms are not widespread (Lange et al 2016). However, despite their rigid structure, keratins are recycled in nature and can be efficiently degraded by a few microorganisms such as bacteria from the genus Bacillus (Fellahi et al 2016), Streptomyces (Ramakrishnan et al 2011) from several species of fungi (El-Gendy 2010; Duarte et al 2011;Bohacz 2017) and from Archaea (Kublanov et al 2009;Brandelli et al 2010) that are capable of producing keratinolytic peptidases known as keratinases.…”

Optimization of Production and Partial Characterization of Keratinase Produced by Bacillus thuringiensis strain Bt407 Isolated from Poultry Soil

“…Keratinase enzyme is a feather degrading enzyme which produces peptides and soluble proteins (amino acids) as the degradation products. These degradation products can be used as source of carbon and nitrogen in bacteriological media for growth of laboratory cultures (Ramakrishnan et al, 2011).…”

“…It was reported that the maximum keratinase production by Bacillus subtilis KD-N2 was obtained when the initial concentrations of MgSO 4 was 0.91 g/L (Cai and Zheng, 2009) whereas Streptomyces gulbargensis DAS 131 produced keratinase in a medium containing CaCl 2 -0.2% and MgSO 4 7H 2 O-0.2% (Syed et al, 2009). Previous studies showed that basal medium containing MgSO 4 7H 2 O and CaCl 2 were used for keratinase production in case of Bacillus subtilis (Pillai and Archana, 2008), Bacillus sp.SCB-3 (Lee et al, 2002), Bacillus megaterium (Saibabu et al, 2013), Bacillus pumilus FH9 keratinolytic (El-Refai et al,2005), Bacillus subtilis MTCC 9102 (Balaji et al, 2008), Streptomyces sp: (Ramakrishnan et al, 2011), Bacillus cereus Wu2 (Lo et al, 2012), Pseudomonas aeruginosa C11 (Han et al,2012), Aspergillus oryzae NRRL-447 (Ali et al, 2011), Actinomyces sp (Jayalakshmi et al,2010) and Scopulariopsis brevicaulis (Anbu et al, 2007).…”

“…Similar degraded chicken feathers obtained after treatment with keratinase from Streptomyces sp. IF 5 were used to prepare economical microbiological medium which supported growth of different microorganisms (Ramakrishnan et al, 2011).…”

Microbial keratinases: characteristics, biotechnological applications and potential.

“…Strain kr2 (Grazziotin et al 2006) and Streptomyces sp. (Ramakrishnan et al 2011) were found to be effective in improving the nutritional value of feather meals. It has been suggested that since keratin is naturally low in some essential amino acids such as methionine and phenylalanine, the use of keratinolytic microbial cultures may further enrich the hydrolysate by the presence of microbial proteins and biomass Vasileva-Tonkova et al 2009a,b;Grazziotin et al 2006).…”