Detection of enterotoxin genes of Staphylococcus sp isolated from nasal cavities and hands of food handlers

Rall, Vera Lúcia Mores; Sforcin, José Maurício; Augustini, V.C.M.; Watanabe, Marcela Tatiana; Júnior, Ary Fernandes; Rall, Ricardo; Silva, Márcia Guimarães da; Araújo, João Pessoa

doi:10.1590/s1517-83822010000100011

Cited by 38 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…Herein, 17 (26.2%) CNS strains presented genes for classical enterotoxin production. A similar percentage was observed by Rall et al (2010), with 19.4% of CNS isolated from food handlers. A lower prevalence was observed by Vernozy-Rozand et al (1996), with 5.3% of the microorganisms isolated from goat milk and cheese presenting enterotoxin genes, and by Rosec et al (1997), who found that all of 264 CNS strains were negative for these genes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…The SE genes seb and sec were found in similar percentages (3.1% and 4.6%, respectively). Rall et al (2010) observed that sea also occurred more frequently among classical enterotoxin genes (24.1% of CNS).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…It has been considered the only pathogenic species among Staphylococcus, while coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) have been classified just as contaminant agents (Kloos and Bannerman, 1994). Recently, several authors have suggested that this group of microorganisms should be studied regarding the presence of enterotoxin genes (Rodriguez et al, 1996;Veras et al, 2008;Rall et al, 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection of Enterotoxins Genes in Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Isolated from Brazilian Minas Cheese

Rall

Sforcin

Deus

et al. 2010

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease

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For a long time, Staphylococcus aureus has been always thought to be the only pathogenic species among Staphylococcus, while coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were classified as contaminant agents. However, molecular techniques have shown that these microorganisms also possess enterotoxin-encoding genes. The aim of this study was to analyze the frequency of genes for staphylococcal enterotoxins SEA, SEB, SEC, and SED in CNS strains isolated from Minas soft cheese and to assess the in vitro production of toxins. CNS were found in 65 (72.2%) samples of cheese: 23 were Staphylococcus saprophyticus, 16 Staphylococcus warneri, 10 Staphylococcus epidermidis, 9 Staphylococcus xylosus, 3 Staphylococcus haemolyticus, 2 Staphylococcus schleiferi subsp. schleiferi, and 1 each Staphylococcus capitis subsp. urealyticus and Staphylococcus caprae. Seventeen (26.2%) CNS strains had genes for enterotoxins, and sea was more frequently found (18.5%), followed by sec in three and seb in two strains, whereas the sed gene was not found. S. saprophyticus showed enterotoxin genes in 6 of 23 isolates, but only sea was observed. On the other hand, five strains of S. warneri showed the sea, seb, or sec gene. In spite of the presence of these enterotoxin genes, these strains did not produce enterotoxins in vitro. It is essential to understand the real role of CNS in food, and based on the presence of enterotoxin genes, CNS should not be ignored in epidemiological investigations of foodborne outbreaks.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection of Enterotoxins Genes in Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Isolated from Brazilian Minas Cheese

Rall

Sforcin

Deus

et al. 2010

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease

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“…Table 1 presents in detail the descriptive data of the students participated in this study. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time in Greece and among very few worldwide (Rall et al, 2010;Paul et al, 2011;Huber et al, 2011;Yilmaz et al, 2015) that nasal carriage of CoNS is being assessed in Veterinary students, even though this issue is considered rather crucial on public health grounds as veterinary professionals are considered among others (Rall et al, 2010;Paul et al, 2011;Huber et al, 2011;Yilmaz et al, 2015) as high risk group for increase staphylococcal carriage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Nasal carriage and antimicrobial susceptibility of Coagulase–Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) among healthy veterinary students in Greece

Malissiova

Chasioti

Papadopoulos

et al. 2018

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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During last decades CoNS and especially the methicillin-resistant (MRCoNS) ones have become important pathogens and their infections are usually associated with healthcare settings. CoNS are considered as source of antimicrobial resistance traits for other bacteria and thus the evaluation of their prevalence in the community contributes significantly to the risk assessment in relation to public health. The aim of the present study was the investigationof the nasal carriage and antimicrobial susceptibly of CoNS among healthy veterinary students. From 81 healthy students of the School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece, 24 strains were isolated from 22 (27.16%) students. Of them 54% were identified as Staphylococcus haemolyticus, 45.8% as Staphylococcus warneri, 16.6% as Staphylococcus epidermidis, 4.2% as Staphylococcus pasteuri and 4.2% as Staphylococcus capitis. All isolates were resistant to penicillin, 33.3% were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, 29.2% to erythromycin, 4.2% to oxacillin, 4.2% to gentamycin and 4.2% to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. The resistant to oxacillin isolate belonged to the S. epidermidis species and proved to carry the mecA gene. This study showed that the rate of nasal carriage of CoNS among veterinary students in Greece was low. The analysis of the standardised questionnaire, that was completed for each participating student during sampling, showed that pet owners tested positive for the coagulase-negative staphylococci were at a significantly lower rate (p-value=0.007) compared to non-pet owners. Moreover, among the participants who had visited a hospital over the last six months, the percentage of positive results in coagulase-negative staphylococci was significantly lower compared to that of the other participants (p-value=0.048). Although only one student found to carry methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis, its presence is evidence that this pathogen may circulate among veterinarians and the personnel of veterinary health establishments. Surveillance programs should also be performed in veterinary units because the emergence resistant bacteria in this environment may represent a risk to public health.

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“…Detection methods of enterotoxins are not very sensitive, and live S. aureus are not necessarily found in contaminated food, but improved methods are being developed [6]. In the future, new toxins may be discovered, detection methods should become more sensitive and hopefully more may become known about factors that control S. aureus spread and toxin production in food.…”

Section: Including Staphylococcus Aureus S Epidermidis S Haemolytmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning, Sequencing and Production of Recombinant Polyclonal Antibodies against Egyptian Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A

El-Din¹,

el-naga²,

El-Fouly³

et al. 2017

AJMR

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Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) is the most common pathogen found in hospitals, community-acquired infections and colonizes up to 50% of humans, including mucous membranes and damaged skin. Some strains produce enterotoxins (Ent) as staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) which is involved in 75% of food poisoning outbreaks. Few methods are sensitive and specific enough to confirm the diagnosis of staphylococcal food poisoning. In this study, a segment of Ent A-ORF with molecular weight 774 bp was amplified, cloned, sequenced and aligned with published Ent A-ORFs. Ent A-ORF was subcloned into bacterial expression vector (GST-PGEX4T1 vector) and expressed as a fusion protein with GST-tagged protein. A band size of 27 kDa of purified Ent A protein was cleaved from GST protein by thrombin. The expressed protein of Ent A was identified by strong reaction with commercialized polyclonal antibodies against Ent A. Antiserum against Egyptian recombinant Ent A protein was produced by immunization of Balb/c mice, the produced recombinant polyclonal antibodies had a titre of 1:2500 in direct ELISA. The produced recombinant polyclonal antibody was evaluated and reacted specifically in Western immunoblotting analysis and ELISA test. Finally from the obtained results, the produced recombinant protein of Ent A can be used successfully for production of recombinant polyclonal antibodies and used in large-scale detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin A.

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Detection of enterotoxin genes of Staphylococcus sp isolated from nasal cavities and hands of food handlers

Cited by 38 publications

References 35 publications

Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection of Enterotoxins Genes in Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Isolated from Brazilian Minas Cheese

Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection of Enterotoxins Genes in Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Isolated from Brazilian Minas Cheese

Nasal carriage and antimicrobial susceptibility of Coagulase–Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) among healthy veterinary students in Greece

Cloning, Sequencing and Production of Recombinant Polyclonal Antibodies against Egyptian Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A

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