Phylogenetic relationships between Bacillus species and related genera inferred from 16s rDNA sequences

Abstract

Neighbor-joining, maximum-parsimony, minimum-evolution, maximum-likelihood and Bayesian trees constructed based on 16S rDNA sequences of 181 type strains of Bacillus species and related taxa manifested nine phylogenetic groups. The phylogenetic analysis showed that Bacillus was not a monophyletic group. B. subtilis was in Group 1. Group 4, 6 and 8 respectively consisted of thermophiles, halophilic or halotolerant bacilli and alkaliphilic bacilli. Group 2, 4 and 8 consisting ofBacillus species and related genera demonstrated that the current taxonomic system did not agree well with the 16S rDNA evolutionary trees. The position of Caryophanaceae and Planococcaceae in Group 2 suggested that they might be transferred into Bacillaceae, and the heterogeneity of Group 2 implied that some Bacillus species in it might belong to several new genera. Group 9 was mainly comprised of the genera (excluding Bacillus) of Bacillaceae, so some Bacillus species in Group 9: B. salarius, B. qingdaonensis and B. thermcloacae might not belong to Bacillus. Four Bacillus species, B. schlegelii, B. tusciae, B. edaphicus and B. mucilaginosus were clearly placed outside the nine groups.

Metagenomic Analysis Reveals Bacterial and Fungal Diversity and Their Bioremediation Potential From Sediments of River Ganga and Yamuna in India

“…B. subtilis was in Group 1. Group 4 corresponds to thermophiles, Group 6 to halophilic or halotolerant bacilli, and Group 8 to alkaliphilic bacilli (Wang and Sun, 2009).…”

Genetic Clearness Novel Strategy of Group IBacillusSpecies Isolated from Fermented Food and Beverages by Using Fibrinolytic Enzyme Gene Encoding a Serine-Like Enzyme

“…This work aims to contribute to the identification with cheaper equipment and rapid method of Bacillus spp. belonging to the phylogenetic group I [11] along with B. amyloliquefaciens, B. licheniformis, B. subtilis, B. pumilus, B. mojavensis, B. safensis, B. atrophaeus, and B. altitudinis. The phenotypic and biochemical characteristics of the 155 isolates were related and oriented towards Bacillus genera.…”

“…may be divided into nine groups (groups I–IX), based on their high level phylogeny or phenotypic features linked to 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. B. subtilis, B. pumilus, B. licheniformis , B. amyloliquefaciens, B. altitudinis, B. mojavensis , B. safensis, B. circulans, and B. atrophaeus belong to group I [10, 11]. Interestingly, most of the aforementioned bacteria are related species and share a remarkably high level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to B. subtilis which is around 99% or greater even though DNA–DNA hybridization values with the latter fall below 70 % [12].…”

“…Bacteria belonging to the Bacillus group I [11] including B. subtilis, B. pumilus, B. licheniformis , B. amyloliquefaciens, B. mojavensis, B. safensis, B. altitudinis, and B. atrophaeus harbor, a wildly conserved gene encoding the “so-called” fibrinolytic enzyme ( fibE ), a serine-like enzyme. This enzyme should play a prime role in the treatment of cardiovascular disease.…”

Molecular and Biochemical Characterization of a Salt Tolerant α-Amylase Producing Isolate NH-25

“…subtilis A phylogenetic tree based on an almost complete 16S rDNA sequence revealed the relationships between the isolated strain and established Bacillus species, and supported the view that the isolated strain is members of the genus Bacillus (Figure 4). The tree was created using the CLUSTAL W software [23] and phylogenetic distance was calculated by using the neighbor joining method [24,25]. Stackebrandt & Goebel (1994) stated that levels of similarity between 16S rDNA sequences that are less than 97% suggest that the strains do not belong to the same species [26].…”