Bovine herpesvirus 5 detection by virus isolation in cell culture and multiplex-PCR in central nervous system from cattle with neurological disease in Brazilian herds

Abstract

Bovine herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5) is an important cause of meningoencephalitis in young and adult cattle. The multiple etiology of neurological disturbances in cattle makes the quick and conclusive diagnosis of BoHV-5 infection important for animal and public health, mainly because of herbivore rabies that is endemic in Brazilian cattle herds. The objective of this retrospective study was to use a multiplex-polymerase chain reaction (multiplex-PCR) for BoHV-5 and BoHV-1 glycoprotein C gene detection from stored central nervous system (CNS) tissue fragments of cattle with neurological clinical signs. Forty-seven frozen CNS samples of young and adult cattle from 31 herds in three Brazilian geographical regions (South, Southeast, and Centerwest) were evaluated. Eighteen (38.3%) of these CNS samples were BoHV-positive by virus isolation in cell culture. By multiplex-PCR 30 (63.8%) CNS samples were BoHV-5 positive. All 18 positive samples by virus isolation were confirmed as BoHV-5 by the multiplex-PCR, that provided a increase of 25.5% (12/47) in the BoHV-5 diagnosis rate. BoHV-1 was not detected in any CNS sample. This retrospective study demonstrated the wide regional distribution of BoHV-5 infection in Brazilian cattle herds since positive results were obtained in CNS samples of cattle with neurological disease from Paraná, São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso, and Mato Grosso do Sul States.

Neurological and epidemiological aspects of a BoHV-5 meningoencephalitis outbreak

“…Similar neuroparenchymal findings have been demonstrated in different studies involving naturally occurring BoHV-5 nervous disease (Salvador et al, 1998;Colodel et al, 2002;Perez et al, 2003;Elias et al, 2004). Different laboratorial techniques have been applied to brain samples for the definitive postmortem diagnosis of BoHV-5 meningoencephalitis, such as histopathology/immunohistochemistry (Rissi et al, 2008), virus isolation in cell culture, and BoHV-5 DNA detection by PCR assay (Vogel et al, 2003;Claus et al, 2007). However, the possibility of carrying out a specific ante-mortem diagnosis of BoHV-5 meningoencephalitis outbreak is extremely important, since this procedure may allow differential diagnosis from among other important causes of encephalopathy in cattle, such as rabies, and may also lead to the early implementation of several measures for control of the disease, as an immediate attempt to reduce the number of affected animals.…”

“…While BoHV-1 is the etiological agent of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), and rarely causes neurological signs, BoHV-5 has been classically considered the causal agent of meningoencephalitis in young cattle of specific geographical areas, mainly Brazil, Argentina, the U.S. and Australia (Johnston et al, 1962;Carrillo et al, 1983;D'Offay et al, 1993;Salvador et al, 1998;Colodel et al, 2002). In Brazil, the occurrence of the disease has been reported in several geographic regions, with cases and/or outbreaks reported in the northern (RietCorrea et al, 2006), central western (Salvador et al, 1998;Colodel et al, 2002), southeastern (Salvador et al, 1998;Gomes et al, 2002), and southern regions (Claus et al, 2007;Rissi et al, 2008). The neurological signs observed in BoHV-5 infections are often multifocal deficits and comprise mainly cerebral and brainstem dysfunctions.…”

Doenças de bovinos em Mato Grosso diagnosticadas no Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da UFMT (2005-2014)

“…Vários outros estudos apontam a raiva como uma das principais doenças de bovinos no Brasil (Sanches et al 2000, Lucena et al 2010, Galiza et al 2010, Ribas et al 2013 causas de encefalopatia em bovinos no Brasil, sobretudo na região Centro-Oeste (Colodel et al 2002, Arruda et al 2010, Ribas et al 2013. A doença afeta mais frequentemente bovinos jovens e tem sido detectada em várias regiões (Riet--Correa et al 1989, Sanches et al 2000, Claus et al 2007, Galiza et al 2010, Lucena et al 2010. Maiores detalhes sobre esta doença em Mato Grosso são fornecidos em estudos anteriores (Colodel et al 2002, Arruda et al 2010.…”

Caracterização etiológica, epidemiológica e clínico-patológica da meningoencefalite por herpesvírus bovino em bovinos no Estado de Goiás

“…A meningoencefalite tem sido observada em várias regiões do mundo e, no Brasil, surtos de rinotraqueíte, vulvovaginite e balanopostite são diagnosticados em várias regiões do país. A meningoencefalite associada ao BoHV-5 é uma doença infecto-contagiosa que afeta principalmente bovinos jovens e têm sido reportada em vários estados brasileiros, como Rio Grande do Sul (Riet-Correa et al 1989, Sanches et al 2000, Elias et al 2004, Rissi et al 2006, Silva et al 2007, Rissi & Barros 2013, Paraná (Claus et al 2007, Lunardi et al 2009, Massitel et al 2016, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais (Gomes et al 2002, Claus et al 2007, Franco & Roehe 2007, Aquino Neto et al 2009, Mato Grosso (Colodel et al 2002, Claus et al 2007, Arruda et al 2010, Pernambuco (Oliveira et al 2014), Paraíba, Rio Grande do Norte (Galiza et al 2010), Pará (Riet-Correa et al 2006, São Paulo (Claus et al 2007, Ferrari et al 2007, Cunha et al 2009 e Mato Grosso do Sul (Salvador et al 1998, Gomes et al 2002, Lemos 2005, Claus et al 2007, Silva et al 2007. Em Goiás, a doença é pouco estudada (De Paula et al 2005, Silva 2014) e dois surtos neurológicos da doença foram diagnosticados na região Sudoeste do Estado (Freitas Neto et al 2010).…”