2005
DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822005000400003
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Abstract: A sanitary evaluation of sand and water from 16 beaches of São Paulo State, Brazil, was undertaken during spring of 1997 and summer of 1998. Ninety six samples each of wet and dry sand and seawater were collected and analysed for fecal indicator bacteria. A parasitological examination and Candida albicans analysis were also performed in sand samples and F-specific bacteriophages were determined in seawater. Statistical analysis of the results demonstrated higher concentrations of fecal coliforms and fecal stre… Show more

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Cited by 37 publications
(37 citation statements)
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References 13 publications
(10 reference statements)
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“…This supports the results of earlier studies by Vieira et al (2001) from three ocean beaches in Fortaleza, Ceará State (Brazil), Sato et al (2005) from beaches on the South Coast of São Paulo (Brazil) and Vogel et al (2007) from three recreational beaches in southern Florida (USA). Higher numbers of actinomycetes, filamentous fungi and yeasts in dry sand, which is not influenced by the tides, may indicate that the main source of these organisms is not the seawater, but inputs from soil, runoff and beach users (Papadakis et al 1997, Arvanitidou et al 2002.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 91%
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“…This supports the results of earlier studies by Vieira et al (2001) from three ocean beaches in Fortaleza, Ceará State (Brazil), Sato et al (2005) from beaches on the South Coast of São Paulo (Brazil) and Vogel et al (2007) from three recreational beaches in southern Florida (USA). Higher numbers of actinomycetes, filamentous fungi and yeasts in dry sand, which is not influenced by the tides, may indicate that the main source of these organisms is not the seawater, but inputs from soil, runoff and beach users (Papadakis et al 1997, Arvanitidou et al 2002.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 91%
“…Higher numbers of actinomycetes, filamentous fungi and yeasts in dry sand, which is not influenced by the tides, may indicate that the main source of these organisms is not the seawater, but inputs from soil, runoff and beach users (Papadakis et al 1997, Arvanitidou et al 2002. Lower abundance of the studied groups of microorganisms in wet sand probably results from a "washing effect" of the seawater that seems to play more of a dilution rather than contamination role (Sato et al 2005, Vogel et al 2007.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 95%
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“…Several authors have reported that both indicator bacteria and potential pathogens occur in beach sands of both freshwater and marine environments (Sanchez et al, 1986;Ghinsberg et al, 1994Ghinsberg et al, , 1995Obiri-Danso and Jones, 2000;Desmarais et al, 2002;Sato et al, 2005;Vantarakis et al, 2005;Beversdorf et al, 2007;Bonilla et al, 2007;Vogel et al, 2007;Hartz et al, 2008;Abdelzaher et al, 2010). In fact, bacterial cell numbers can be substantially higher in the sand than in nearby waters; for example in the Great Lakes region of the US, E. coli in sand can be found at levels of 10 to 100 times higher than adjacent waters, generally ranging from 10 3 to 10 4 CFU/g at an enclosed beach to 10 1.5 to 10 2.5 CFU/g at open beaches (Burton et al, 1987;Doyle et al, 1992;Irvine and Pettibone, 1993;Oshiro and Fujioka, 1995;Whitman and Nevers, 2003;Yamahara et al, 2007).…”
Section: Bacteriamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Silva et al (2009) According to the current legislation and regulations in many Brazilian cities, the sanitary conditions of recreational areas of primary contact are based only on bacteriological bioindicators, especially determination of the total and fecal coliforms (MENDES et al, 1993;BOUKAI, 2005), without considering the risks associated with contamination by geohelminths and protozoa. However, in recent years Sato et al (2005) and SoteroMartins et al (2013) have indicated the importance of assessing the sanitary quality of sand, especially to detect zoonotic parasites, to provide information for the formulation of new regulations or improvement of existing ones (the main one being Resolution 274/2000 from the National Environmental Council -CONAMA (CONAMA, 2000). Mentz et al (2004) and Matesco et al (2006) identified the presence of various parasite species, among them Strongyloides stercoralis, T. canis and A. brasiliensis, in sand samples, indicating the importance of beaches in the transmission of diseases to humans.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%