Analysis of the 40K levels in soil using gamma spectrometry

Almost all hospitals use radioisotopes for different purposes, as their applications grow, so their concentration in the waste of those hospitals does. To address this issue, twenty-nine samples were collected from (9) sites, these samples were collected from the incinerators of medical areas and the waste collection chambers. After collecting the samples, they were prepared for the examination, where a high-purity Germanium detector (HPGe) was used to detect radioactive elements. The lead element (Pb-214) of the uranium chain (U-238) and the actinium element (Ac-228), the lead element (Pb-212) of the thorium chain (Th-246) and the potassium element (K-40) appeared in some medical areas Iodine (I-131). Some regions showed high concentrations of these elements compared to some sites, Iodine (I-131) appeared in high rates in some hospitals specialized in treating cancerous diseases. The equivalent efficacy of radium, the annual equivalent internal and external dose, and the internal and external risk factors were calculated and the results obtained were compared with the global limits.

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“…To calculate the external risk index (Hex) of radionuclides, the equation below was used [11] 4810 259 370…”

Section: Calculating the External Hazards Of Radioactivity (Hex)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Radionuclide Concentration in Medical Waste

Fayyadh

Kosaj

2021

MSF

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“…Finally, for 40 K, it was obtained from its own gamma line of 1460 keV [21]. Specific activity (C) in Bqkg −1 was calculated using the following equation [22,23]:…”

Section: Experimental Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Levels of Natural Radioactivity in Sand Samples Collected from Ekalakala in Machakos County, Kenya

Munyao

Ketui

Otieno

et al. 2020

The Scientific World Journal

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Construction sand is naturally polluted with radionuclides of terrestrial origin. In this study, specific activities of 238U, 232Th, and 40K in 30 sand samples collected along the Ekalakala River, Machakos County, Kenya, were measured using a high-purity germanium γ-ray spectrometer. The specific activities ranged between 9.7 Bqkg−1 and 24.0 Bqkg−1, 11.5 Bqkg−1 and 26.2 Bqkg−1, and 820 Bqkg−1 and 1850 Bqkg−1 for 238U, 232Th, and 40K, respectively. While the mean specific activities for 238U and 232Th were less than half of the world average values of 33 Bqkg−1 and 45 Bqkg−1, respectively, the average specific activity of 40K was significant since it was three times the global mean value of 420 Bqkg−1. A calculated absorbed radiation dose rate for the sand varied between 46.8 nGyh−1 and 94.2 nGyh−1 with a mean of 68.5 ± 13.3 nGyh−1. This is not significantly different from the world average dose rate of 60 nGyh−1 for geological samples. The AEDR and Hex had maximum values of 0.29 mSvy−1 and 0.52, respectively, both within the recommended limits of radiation exposure for members of the general public. Based on these results, the sand from Ekalakala River does not pose significant health implication to the sand harvesters as well as the inhabitants of the houses constructed using this sand.

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“…The specific activity A i (E γ ) of radionuclide i measured in Bq/kg, for a peak at energy E γ , is given by [7]:…”

Section: Theoretical Considerations 21 the Specific Activity Of Radmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer Risk Due to the Natural Radioactivity in Cigarette Tobacco

Ridha¹,

Hasan²

2016

Detection

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Thirty-one samples of cigarettes have been collected from local markets of different types of origins. The samples were selected according to a survey distributed to smokers by paper and digital survey to see the most heavily traded among smokers and in addition to a number of questions to see how the awareness and the culture of smokers in diseases caused by smoking and considered this study the first survey in Iraq. The aim of this research is to assess the number of cancer cases due to cigarette smoking. Through the use of High-Purity Germanium system (HPGe) (efficiency 40%) we determinated the radionuclides in cigarette tobacco. The average values were (14.86 ± 3.76, 10.84 ± 3.13, 1050.64 ± 47.57) Bq/kg for Ra-226, Th-232 and K-40, respectively, and the excess lifetime of cancer risk values ranged from 0.54 to 130 at average of 76 per million person per year. Raeq values varied from 18.50 to 87.21.4 Bq/kg with an average value of 39.51 Bq/kg for tobacco samples. The annual effective dose (HE) varies from 16.38 µSv/y to 44.69 µSv/y with an average value of 24.97 µsv/y. The Annual Gonadal Dose Equivalent (AGDE) varies from 0.3 to 0.64 (mSv/y) with an average value of 0.42 for all tobacco samples under investigation.

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Analysis of the 40K levels in soil using gamma spectrometry

Abstract: Potassium-40 was determined in soil in

Cited by 32 publications

References 10 publications

Estimation of Radionuclide Concentration in Medical Waste

Estimation of Radionuclide Concentration in Medical Waste

Assessment of Levels of Natural Radioactivity in Sand Samples Collected from Ekalakala in Machakos County, Kenya

Cancer Risk Due to the Natural Radioactivity in Cigarette Tobacco

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