Biological characteristics of Trichogramma pretiosum and Trichogramma acacioi (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae), parasitoids of the avocado defoliator Nipteria panacea (Lep.: Geometridae), on eggs of Anagasta kuehniella (Lep.: Pyralidae)

Abstract

The objective of this investigation was to study Trichogramma pretiosum and T. acacioi (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), parasitoids of the avocado defoliator Nipteria panacea (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) on the eggs of the alternative host Anagasta kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) aiming to use them for biological control of this pest in avocado orchards. The cubic model presented better adjustment for duration of the life cycle of T. pretiosum and T. acacioi with the host A. kuehniella which shows that development rate of these species increases with temperature within the range tested. The number of individuals of both Trichogramma species emerged per egg from this host was higher than one. The quadratic model was significant for viability of T. pretiosum and T. acacioi. This parameter was more affected by extreme temperatures and higher emergence rates of adults of both parasitoids species occurred at temperatures of 20, 25 and 30°C.

Adult feeding and mating effects on the biological potential and parasitism of Trichogramma pretiosum and T. acacioi (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae)

“…Temperature was also described in the literature as a key factor since the viability of parasitized eggs by Trichogramma spp. decreased at extremes temperatures (Pratissoli et al, 2005). Adult feeding did not affect the sex ratio of both species but unmated females of T. pretiosum and T. acacioi produced only males when fed or not fed (Table 1).…”

Biologia e exigências térmicas de Trichogramma atopovirilia Oatman & Platner (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) em ovos de Diaphania hyalinata L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

“…Smith) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) (Beserra & Parra 2004). A faixa de temperatura entre 22°C e 27 o C, tendo em consideração o hospedeiro e a espécie e/ou linhagem de Trichogramma, tem sido considerada a melhor para o desempenho desse parasitóide (Beserra & Parra 2004, Nicole et al 2004, Pratissoli et al 2005, o que foi ratificado pelo presente trabalho. Temperaturas fora da faixa ideal interferem nas características biológicas de Trichogramma.…”

Assessment of Two <i>Trichogramma</i> Species with <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> var. krustaki for the Control of the Tomato Leafminer <i>Tuta absoluta</i> Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Iran

“…They attributed these observations to the sub-lethal effects of Bt on T. brassicae females searching host eggs laid by H. armigera treated by LC 20 [28]. Similarly, the emergence rate of Trichogramma adults can also vary with the size and quality of the host egg, number of parasitoids that develop per egg, development period in host eggs and temperature [29] [30]. Adult longevity of T. embryophagum reared on eggs of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller has been reported as 12.37 days by [31].…”