Effect of ivermectin on the life cycle and larval fat body of Culex quinquefasciatus

Alves, Stênio Nunes; Serrão, José Éduardo; Mocelin, Giovani; Melo, Alan Lane de

doi:10.1590/s1516-89132004000300014

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Ivermectin also caused paralysis in Culex quinquefasciatus larvae, as observed by Alves et al (2004). The high mortality rate found for larvae submitted to ivermectin was in agreement with results found for Cx.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The high mortality rate found for larvae submitted to ivermectin was in agreement with results found for Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae (Alves et al 2004), for Chrysomya bezziana and Calliphora vomitoria (Strong 1993) who found inhibition of pupation and adult development in exposed to sub-lethal doses of ivermectin. Previous results have proposed that the times of generation for mosquitoes exposed to ivermectin have shortened about 1 day its development from egg to adult, suggesting that the ivermectin exposure of parental generation may cause a rapid development to avoid the environment stress (Vianna et al 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, action of the ivermectin may be associated with neurotransmitter release in conjunction with the GABA antagonist, probably contributing for excitatory signals of poisoning (Alves et al 2004). In the present study, the majority of the larvae of A. aegypti exposed to concentrations of 1, 5 and 10 ppm of ivermectin solution presented ataxia, followed by death, suggesting binding of this insecticide to the GABA with consequent lethal action for A. aegypti, which agreed with results obtained by Freitas et al (1996) and Alves et al (2004) for Cx. quinquefasiatus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, several studies have recently reported a decrease in the persistence of temephos, the main larvicide used to control A. aegypti in Brazil, suggesting that mosquito populations have developed resistance to this organophosphate in several states (Carvalho et al 2004) Ivermectin is a group of macrocyclical lactones, derived from 22,23-dihydro avermectin B1, with low water solubility that is produced by Streptomyces avermitilis, being largely used as anti-parasitic in the domestic animals (Benz et al 1989). Previous studies have shown that the avermectins are lethal for immature and adult stages of some insect orders and highly efficient for the control of larvae of Aedes, Anopheles and Culex (Freitas et al 1996, Alves et al 2004 when exposed to low concentrations of ivermectin. It is not necessary its ingestion, because the contact with the same is effective in the majority of the cases (Strong 1993).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Susceptibility of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae) Immature Forms to Ivermectin

Rosa¹,

Simões²,

Ataíde³

et al. 2011

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Suscetibilidade de formas imaturas de Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) à ivermectina RESuMO -O combate ao mosquito transmissor do dengue, Aedes aegypti (L.), tem sido um dos principais meios de se evitar epidemias dessa doença e para alcançar esse objetivo, o uso de larvicidas tem aumentado consideravelmente. Atualmente o larvicida mais utilizado pelos programas de saúde governamentais no Brasil é o temephos, entretanto, já existem registros de populações de A. aegypti resistentes a esse fármaco, destacando-se a necessidade de se pesquisar novos inseticidas. A ivermectina é uma droga antiparasítica muito utilizada na pecuária no combate a nematóides e artrópodes por apresentar baixa toxicidade a vertebrados, quando aplicada em pequenas doses. Considerando sua eficiência no controle de alguns artrópodes, o objetivo desse trabalho foi testar o efeito deste fármaco em larvas de 3º e 4º ínstares de A. aegypti. As larvas foram expostas à ivermectina durante 5, 15, 30, 60 e 1440 minutos, nas concentrações de 1, 5 e 10 ppm de solução de ivermectina. Foi feita observação 24 horas após o contato do inseto com a droga e observada a taxa de mortalidade. Observou-se uma correlação positiva entre a concentração de ivermectina e a taxa mortalidade das larvas, independente do tempo em que estas ficaram em contato com a droga. Através da análise dos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que o aumento da dose de ivermectina aumenta a mortalidade das larvas de A. aegypti, demonstrando assim, a eficácia do fármaco utilizado. Palavras-chaves: Aedes aegypti, Dengue, ivermectinaABSTRACT -Several mosquito populations have already exhibited resistance to various insecticides, a situation that imposes many problems in vector control programs in many countries. Several studies have recently reported a decrease in the persistence of temephos, the main larvicide used to control Aedes aegypti in Brazil, suggesting that mosquito populations have acquired resistance to this organophosphate in several states. Dengue is one of the most important arthropod-borne diseases in the world and in Brazil thousands of dengue cases are notified annualy. In order to verify the effects of ivermectin, a semi-synthetic drug widely used for treatment of livestock parisitic diseases, on Aedes aegypti larvae of 3 rd and 4 th instar, the insects were submitted to concentrations of 1, 5 and 10 ppm of ivermectin solution during 5, 15, 10, 60 and 1440 minutes. After 24 hours of observations, mortality rates were scored. Loss of mobility, progressive paralysis and high mortality of larvae were recorded. Observations suggest that few minutes of contact with the insect is sufficient to cause intoxication. Increases in ivermectin concentration cause a progressive mortality in A. aegypti larvae. The values presented in the present study indicate that chemical treatment using ivermectin may be an alternative to the use of ivermectin in dengue control programs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Susceptibility of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae) Immature Forms to Ivermectin

Rosa¹,

Simões²,

Ataíde³

et al. 2011

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“…Neste sentido, em estudos anteriores foram verificados em larvas de C. quinquefasciatus paralisia progressiva e altos níveis de mortalidade, provavelmente devido a ação bloqueadora da ivermectina nas junções neuromusculares 25 . Verificaram-se também alterações no corpo gorduroso das larvas sugerindo sinal de mobilização da reserva energética em resposta ao estresse larval quando estas foram expostas à solução de ivermectina 26,27 , altos níveis de mortalidade larval e diminuição da performance de adultos originados de geração larval, sendo possível neste caso estar ocorrendo um processo de destoxificação 16,17 .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Suscetibilidade de larvas de Culex quinquefasciatus a diferentes inseticidas

Alves

Tibúrcio

Melo

2011

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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RESUMOIntrodução: O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a suscetibilidade de larvas de Culex quinquefasciatus a dois piretróides (Cipermetrina e Deltametrina), dois derivados da Avermectina (ivermectina e abamectina) e a um organofosforado (Temefós). Métodos: Larvas de 3 o e 4 o instares de C. quinquefasciatus foram expostas a diferentes concentrações destes (onze repetições) seguindo o protocolo da Organização Mundial de Saúde. Uma hora após a exposição, as larvas foram lavadas em água desclorada, transferidas para recipientes plásticos contendo água sem cloro, alimentadas e observadas por períodos de 24h, até se transformarem em adultos. Para a determinação das concentrações letais, os valores foram submetidos à análise de regressão usando o modelo probit pelo programa Minitab 15. Resultados: Diferenças entre as estimativas da CL 50 e CL 90 justificaram que a população de mosquitos testada apresenta heterogeneidade em resposta aos inseticidas, sendo a maior concentração utilizada para a CL 50 , a partir da análise de probit para o Temefós. Todos os inseticidas avaliados causaram mortalidade mais acentuada nas primeiras 24h exceto quando expostas à ivermectina. Conclusões: As larvas são suscetíveis a todos os inseticidas testados e há uma necessidade de um monitoramento dos inseticidas utilizados. Palavras-chaves:Culex. Inseticidas. Temefós. Piretróides. Avermectinas. ABSTRACT Introduction:This study aimed to assess the susceptibility of Culex quinquefasciatus larvae to two pyrethroids (Cypermethrin and Deltamethrin), two derivatives of Avermectin (Ivermectin and Abamectin) and an organophosphate (Temephos). Methods: Third-and fourth-instar larvae of C. quinquefasciatus were exposed to different concentrations of insecticides (eleven repetitions) according to the World Health Organization's protocol. One hour after exposure, larvae were washed in dechlorinated tap water, transferred to plastic containers containing water without chlorine, fed and observed for periods of 24h until reaching adulthood. To determine lethal concentrations, the obtained values were submitted to regression analysis using the probit model with the Minitab 15 program. Results: The highest concentration used for the LC 50 from probit analysis was for Temephos. The evaluated insecticides caused more pronounced larvae mortality in the first 24h with the exception of those exposed to ivermectin. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that larvae are susceptible to all tested insecticides and that there is a need for monitoring the use of insecticides.

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