Deficiência de ferro no feto e no recém-nascido

Abstract

A principal causa de anemia no feto é a doença hemolítica do recém-nascido (RN). IntroduçãoA partir da nona semana de idade pós-concepcional inicia-se o período fetal, o qual se estende até o nascimento. Durante esta fase da vida não ocorre a anemia secundária à deficiência de ferro.A principal causa de anemia no feto é a anemia hemolítica. Dentre as anemias hemolíticas podemos citar como a mais freqüente a anemia secundária à incompatibilidade Rh. Lembramos, ainda, as anemias secundárias às infecções congênitas e a parvovirose.A definição de recém-nascido (RN) engloba todos os conceptos nascidos vivos com idade até 28 dias. Esta classificação não leva em conta a idade gestacional ao nascimento; portanto, devemos ter especial consideração com os recém-nascidos prematuros que poderão atingir 28 dias de vida antes mesmos, de terem idade gestacional corrigida de 40 semanas.Levando em consideração a definição acima, podemos afirmar que a deficiência de ferro não ocorre no período neonatal, porém os RN prematuros e os RN de baixo peso constituem o principal grupo de risco para desenvolver a

Fatores associados à transfusão de concentrado de hemácias em prematuros de uma unidade de terapia intensiva

“…Laboratory tracking of anemia using microhematocrit requires a lower volume of blood for analysis, and it is an effective measurement. (1,5,7) A delay in the clamping of the umbilical cord in premature infants who do not require resuscitation in the delivery room and the maintenance of iron stores may decrease the need for red blood cell transfusions. (4,34) The data in the present study were analyzed prior to the successful implementation of the aforementioned practices in our hospital in 2011.…”

“…hematological indices. (4,5) Other factors that exacerbate anemia include blood loss due to bleeding or blood collection, reduced red blood cell production due to nutritional deficits, inflammation, low erythropoietin levels, and increased hemolysis. (6,7) The risk-benefit ratio for transfusion treatment in premature infants is actively being investigated.…”

Terapia nutricional e sepse neonatal

“…This risk is due to the low levels of available nutrients, the fast growth rate of infants, and an immature gastrointestinal tract. (12)(13)(14)(15) Clinical assessment and vigilance continue to be the most practical methods for the early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. The clinical signs that are important for the diagnosis of infection are motor activity patterns, peripheral perfusion changes and respiratory distress.…”

Erythrocyte index and serum ferritin in newborns

“…The main consequence of iron deficiency is anemia, but this does not occur during the neonatal period. (1,2) Thus, identifying newborns at risk for iron deficiency is very important as perinatal iron deficiency can lead to severe consequences in neurodevelopment and in iron deficiency during infancy (usually after 6 months of age). (2) The requirement for iron is greater during periods of rapid growth and differentiation such as in the late fetal and neonatal periods.…”

“…The recovery stage of physiologic anemia depends on iron stores, but iron administration to infants does not affect the physiological drop in hemoglobin. (1) Iron passes into the fetus via the placenta mainly in the third trimester of pregnancy. There is risk of developing brain iron deficiency as storage iron pools become depleted in certain gestational conditions.…”