Molecular surveillance of the Newcastle disease virus in domestic and wild birds on the North Eastern Coast and Amazon biome of Brazil

Abstract

Brazil is one of the world's largest countries with a rich diversity of wildlife, including resident and migratory wild birds, which may be natural reservoirs of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Because Brazil is a major global exporter of chicken meat, the emergence of such a disease may have a huge negative impact not only on the economy due to trade restrictions and embargoes, but also on the quality of life of the population. Samples were collected from 1,022 asymptomatic domestic and wild birds from the Brazilian coast and the Amazon region using tracheal/cloacal swabs and tested by RT-qPCR. The results showed 7 (0.7%) birds were positive for NDV. The positive samples were then isolated in embryonated chicken eggs and their matrix protein genes were partially sequenced, revealing a low-pathogenicity NDV. This study confirms the maintenance of the velogenic-NDV free status of Brazil.

Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) as ectoparasites of Brazilian wild birds and their association with rickettsial diseases

“…Although Brazilian ornitofauna is rich and diverse, the involvement of wild birds in the epidemiology of diseases is poorly known. Most research investigating bird diseases focuses on viral zoonosis in direct contact with poultry, viral diseases affecting industrial aviculture or possible transmission of viruses by migratory birds, such as Avian influenza (ARAUJO et al, 2014), Newcastle Disease Virus (CUNHA; SILVA, 1955;OLIVEIRA et al, 2000;ORSI et al, 2010;THOMAZELLI et al, 2012), West Nile virus (OMETTO et al, 2013), Avian Bornavirus (ENCINAS-NAGEL et al, 2014) and little is known about the role of birds as disseminators of potentially infected ectoparasites such ticks or their role as potential reservoirs of pathogens harbored and transmitted by ticks.…”

Empirical analysis suggests continuous and homogeneous circulation of Newcastle disease virus in a wide range of wild bird species in Africa

“…The biological material collected and the RNA extraction method are the same for AIV and for NDV, and several research groups tested their samples for both NDV and AIV. The extension of NDV studies to new geographical areas and new species confirmed the global pattern that had been described since the 1970s: a large range of species are susceptible to NDV infection, with LPNDV mostly isolated in waterfowl [18][19][20] and specific genotypes of vNDV persisting in certain species such as pigeons [21] and cormorants [22]. These studies also showed a high variability in the NDV infection rate of wild bird populations depending on the site, the period, the species and the methods used.…”

Review on Newcastle Disease of Poultry and its Public Health Importance

“…Availability of egg is increasing at rate of round about 4% annually [12] White meat's essential nutrients are same as red meat, but white meat has the advantage of containing less cholesterol and saturated fat. In most developing countries, meat is a very important protein sources in diet of people because it is affordability and has high quality protein [13]. In developing countries; the broiler meat is the cheapest source of animal protein.…”