2012
DOI: 10.1590/s1516-44462012000500004
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Abstract: Recent evidences support the presence of subclinical changes in respiration and other functions related to body homeostasis in PD patients. The fear network, comprising the hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex, amygdala and its brainstem projections, may be abnormally sensitive in PD patients, and respiratory stimulants like CO2 may trigger panic attacks. Studies indicate that PD patients with dominant respiratory symptoms are particularly sensitive to respiratory tests compared to those who do not manifest d… Show more

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Cited by 13 publications
(11 citation statements)
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“…Several studies have investigated respiratory symptoms in PD patients [2], [31], [32], [33] and found that, during PA, respiratory complaints are common, such as dyspnea and tachypnea. Some specific respiratory tests aimed at inducing PA have been used, demonstrating that respiratory maneuvers, such as hyperventilation [34], carbon dioxide inhalation [35] and voluntary apnea [36], may increase anxiety in PD patients and thereby trigger a PA.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Several studies have investigated respiratory symptoms in PD patients [2], [31], [32], [33] and found that, during PA, respiratory complaints are common, such as dyspnea and tachypnea. Some specific respiratory tests aimed at inducing PA have been used, demonstrating that respiratory maneuvers, such as hyperventilation [34], carbon dioxide inhalation [35] and voluntary apnea [36], may increase anxiety in PD patients and thereby trigger a PA.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In this regard, several studies have contributed to better understand the relationship between respiration and PA. In a recent review [31], it has been suggested that during hyperventilation, there are hypocapnia and vasoconstriction, with decreased cerebral blood flow, which may induces a PA. On the other hand, stimulation of chemoreceptors resulting from hypercapnia caused by CO 2 inhalation, may cause a hyperpnea that activates an abnormally sensitive fear network in the brainstem, and then also induce PA [31].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Des sous-types du trouble panique ont été proposés par Briggs et al en 1993 permettant d'identifier pour la première fois un soustype « respiratoire » de ce trouble [30]. La légitimité même de l'individualisation d'un tel trouble se pose encore dans la littérature [30][31][32][33], mais certaines caractéristiques peuvent néanmoins faire consensus en faveur d'un trouble panique « respiratoire » avec notamment : la sensibilité accrue au CO 2 et l'incidence plus élevée d'antécédents familiaux de trouble panique chez ces patients, comparativement à des patients avec un trouble panique qualifié de « non respiratoire » [32,33]. Les différences de réactivité de ces différents sous-types aux principales stratégies thérapeutiques du trouble panique (antidépresseurs, benzodiazépines et thérapie comportementale et cognitive -TCC) restent à définir [33].…”
Section: Attaque De Panique Trouble Panique Et Composante Respiratoireunclassified
“…As already mentioned, the amygdala is an important integrator that links emotions and respiration (Freire and Nardi, 2012), and an imbalance in amygdalar activity has been implicated in anxiety and panic disorders (Freire et al, 2013; Nardi et al, 2009). Using an in vitro approach, Onimaru and Homma reveal not only strong descending pathways to the respiratory network within the medulla, but also weak ascending pathways from the respiratory network to the amygdala (Fujii et al, 2010, 2011; Onimaru and Homma, 2007).…”
Section: Neuronal Structures and Neuromodulatory Mechanisms Linkinmentioning
confidence: 99%