Gender parity and drug use: are girls catching up with boys?

Malbergier, André; Cardoso, Luciana Roberta Donola; Amaral, Ronaldo; Santos, Verena Castellani Vitor

doi:10.1590/s1516-44462012000100005

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…studies by groups of substances, such as the assessment of indicators that are specifically related to the use of illicit drugs. The fact that the difference between sexes did not remain in the adjusted analysis corroborates the idea of a tendency to homogenization of habits related to the consumption of substances between sexes in younger groups, as presented by some studies 18,23 . For Austin and Hust 24 , teenage girls are one of the audiences that are mostly exposed to alcohol publicity, and the herein presented evidence shows strong relationship between the intake of alcohol and illicit drug use at least once in life.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Lifetime use of illicit drugs and associated factors among Brazilian schoolchildren, National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE 2012)

Horta

Costa

et al. 2014

Rev. bras. epidemiol.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Lifetime use of illicit drugs and associated factors among Brazilian schoolchildren, National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE 2012)

Horta

Costa

et al. 2014

Rev. bras. epidemiol.

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“…This high prevalence tends to cause morbidity and mortality in lower-income regions. The epidemic of smoking among men had peaked and is now declining; however, the prevalence of smoking among women is rising in Brasil, where more than 10 million women are smoke rs1, 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating gender differences for effectiveness and side effects of varenicline during smoking cessation treatment

Castellani

Gonçalves

Castaldelli-Maia

et al. 2020

Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras.

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SUMMARY Varenicline is a useful pharmacological option for smoking cessation. Unfortunately, there is a lack of studies on its effectiveness, retention, and side effects in low- and middle-income countries. The present study aimed to investigate gender differences regarding these outcomes in a Brazilian clinical sample (n = 124). The 12-week treatment protocol included six consultations with a psychiatrist and six sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapy. All subjects received varenicline on the first evaluation, following the standard posology for 12 weeks and instructions to stop smoking after the second week of treatment. Both Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) Plus and Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence were applied at baseline. The UKU-Side Effects Rating Scale was administered at weeks 3, 7, and 11, and the Questionnaire of Smoking Urges-Brief at weeks 1, 5, and 9 to ascertain the side effects of the medication and craving, respectively. At the end of the 12-week treatment, abstinence was biochemically assessed. At months 6 and 12 after the treatment, follow-up telephone interviews were conducted to access nicotine abstinence. Short- and long-term abstinence and retention rates did not differ between genders. However, women presented more side effects than men, especially in the second half of the treatment. Increased dream activity, reduced duration of sleep, constipation, and weight loss were the most notable side effects. Despite women reporting more side effects than men, this difference did not influence the treatment success rates.

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“…The changes in distribution of this behavior according to gender, keeping up with the change in gender issues, show that preventive actions and programs need to be attentive to the insertion of girls in this context. This upward statistical trend involving girls may be indicating that illicit substances' industry is succeeding in its efforts to expand markets, including the female gender in consumer chains [16][17][18] . Some studies suggest age-related differences, with predominance of consumption and related consequences among men in adulthood and among women in adolescence 19 , but an epidemiological transition may be taking place, with possibility of changes in profiles of the adult population when current female users become adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalência e condições associadas ao uso de drogas ilícitas na vida: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar 2015

Horta¹,

Mola

Horta

et al. 2018

Rev. bras. epidemiol.

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Introduction: The use of illicit drugs is a public health concern. This paper describes the prevalence and factors associated with the use of illicit drugs throughout life among 9th grade students attending public and private schools in daylight period in Brazil. Method: Data from the Brazilian Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE) were analyzed. Use of illicit drugs at some point in life was assessed considering marijuana, cocaine, crack, solvent-based glue, ether-based inhalants, ecstasy, and oxy. Data were analized descriptively and by the Poisson's regression model. Results: The use of illicit drugs at least once in life was reported by 9,0% of participants, being more prevalent among girls and associated with alcohol or tobacco use, active sexual life, feeling of loneliness, little or no contact between school and parents, and the experience of familial aggressions. The outcome was inversely associated with close contact with parents and their supervision. Prevalence was higher among participants whose mothers had higher educational levels and had, who had a payed job, and who attended public schools. Discussion: The prevalence of lifetime use of illicit drugs was stable when the three PeNSE samples were compared, but it resulted more common among girls in 2015 for the first time and was associated with the same conditions found in prior studies. Conclusion: Family and school appear to be protective factors, especially when there is direct supervision and care. It is important that both girls and boys are given the same attention when it comes to this this subject.

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Gender parity and drug use: are girls catching up with boys?

Abstract: Substance abuse among adolescents in our sample seems to follow the recent global trend towards the equalization of drug use between genders. This result should be taken into account by public health professionals in developing policies for this problem.

Cited by 15 publications

References 23 publications

Lifetime use of illicit drugs and associated factors among Brazilian schoolchildren, National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE 2012)

Lifetime use of illicit drugs and associated factors among Brazilian schoolchildren, National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE 2012)

Investigating gender differences for effectiveness and side effects of varenicline during smoking cessation treatment

Prevalência e condições associadas ao uso de drogas ilícitas na vida: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar 2015

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