Anormalidades cognitivas no uso da cannabis

Solowij, Nadia; Pesa, Nicole

doi:10.1590/s1516-44462010000500006

Cited by 63 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…In addition to findings that suggest alterations in neurocognitive function (Pope and Yurgelun-Todd 1996; Harvey et al 2007; McHale and Hunt 2008; Solowij and Pesa 2010; Gruber et al 2011a; Lisdahl and Price 2012) and inhibitory processing (Gruber and Yurgelun-Todd 2005; Tapert et al 2007; Schweinsburg et al 2008; Jacobus et al 2009a; Gruber et al 2012a) in chronic MJ smokers relative to control participants, several investigations have also reported alterations in frontal white matter microstructure, measured with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) techniques in adult MJ smokers (Arnone et al 2008; Ashtari et al 2009; Bava et al 2009; Jacobus et al 2009b; Gruber et al 2011b). Arnone et al (2008) reported increased mean diffusivity (MD)/trace in the prefrontal area of the corpus callosum in MJ relative to controls; this trended towards a positive correlation between diffusivity levels and length of use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Worth the wait: effects of age of onset of marijuana use on white matter and impulsivity

et al. 2013

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RationaleMarijuana (MJ) use continues to rise, and as the perceived risk of using MJ approaches an all-time historic low, initiation of MJ use is occurring at even younger ages. As adolescence is a critical period of neuromaturation, teens and emerging adults are at greater risk for experiencing the negative effects of MJ on the brain. In particular, MJ use has been shown to be associated with alterations in frontal white matter microstructure, which may be related to reports of increased levels of impulsivity in this population.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to examine the relationship between age of onset of MJ use, white matter microstructure, and reported impulsivity in chronic, heavy MJ smokers.MethodsTwenty-five MJ smokers and 18 healthy controls underwent diffusion tensor imaging and completed the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. MJ smokers were also divided into early onset (regular use prior to age 16) and late onset (age 16 or later) groups in order to clarify the impact of age of onset of MJ use on these variables.ResultsMJ smokers exhibited significantly reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) relative to controls, as well as higher levels of impulsivity. Earlier MJ onset was also associated with lower levels of FA. Interestingly, within the early onset group, higher impulsivity scores were correlated with lower FA, a relationship that was not observed in the late onset smokers.ConclusionsMJ use is associated with white matter development and reported impulsivity, particularly in early onset smokers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Worth the wait: effects of age of onset of marijuana use on white matter and impulsivity

et al. 2013

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“…Fourth, we queried third-party informants to test the "everyday cognition" hypothesis that cannabis-induced neuropsychological impairment translates into functional problems in daily life. Fifth, we tested the "developmental vulnerability" hypothesis that individuals who begin cannabis use as adolescents are particularly vulnerable to the effects of persistent cannabis use on neuropsychological functioning, as evidence suggests that cannabis has especially toxic effects on the developing brain (24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31). Sixth, we tested the "recovery" hypothesis that former persistent users who quit or reduce their cannabis use may be able to restore their neuropsychological health.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent cannabis users show neuropsychological decline from childhood to midlife

Meier

Caspi

Ambler

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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870

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Recent reports show that fewer adolescents believe that regular cannabis use is harmful to health. Concomitantly, adolescents are initiating cannabis use at younger ages, and more adolescents are using cannabis on a daily basis. The purpose of the present study was to test the association between persistent cannabis use and neuropsychological decline and determine whether decline is concentrated among adolescent-onset cannabis users. Participants were members of the Dunedin Study, a prospective study of a birth cohort of 1,037 individuals followed from birth (1972/1973) to age 38 y. Cannabis use was ascertained in interviews at ages 18, 21, 26, 32, and 38 y. Neuropsychological testing was conducted at age 13 y, before initiation of cannabis use, and again at age 38 y, after a pattern of persistent cannabis use had developed. Persistent cannabis use was associated with neuropsychological decline broadly across domains of functioning, even after controlling for years of education. Informants also reported noticing more cognitive problems for persistent cannabis users. Impairment was concentrated among adolescent-onset cannabis users, with more persistent use associated with greater decline. Further, cessation of cannabis use did not fully restore neuropsychological functioning among adolescent-onset cannabis users. Findings are suggestive of a neurotoxic effect of cannabis on the adolescent brain and highlight the importance of prevention and policy efforts targeting adolescents.annabis, the most widely used illicit drug in the world, is increasingly being recognized for both its toxic and its therapeutic properties (1). Research on the harmful and beneficial effects of cannabis use is important because it can inform decisions regarding the medicinal use and legalization of cannabis, and the results of these decisions will have major public-health consequences. As debate surrounding these issues continues in the United States and abroad, new findings concerning the harmful effects of cannabis on neuropsychological functioning are emerging.Accumulating evidence suggests that long-term, heavy cannabis use may cause enduring neuropsychological impairmentimpairment that persists beyond the period of acute intoxication (2). Studies of long-term, heavy cannabis users fairly consistently show that these individuals perform worse on neuropsychological tests (2-5), and some (6-8) but not all (9) studies suggest that impairment may remain even after extended periods of abstinence. The magnitude and persistence of impairment may depend on factors such as the quantity, frequency, duration, and age-of-onset of cannabis use (2), as more severe and enduring impairment is evident among individuals with more frequent and prolonged heavy use and a younger age-of-onset (3,6,8,(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16).The extant evidence base draws on case-control studies of recruited cannabis users and comparison subjects. These studies screen participants for potential confounding factors, such as alcohol and drug dependence, and compare them...

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“…Por ser a droga ilícita mais usada no mundo, o estudo de tais déficits é de extrema importância. 1 De forma sumária, os autores sugerem que o uso crônico da cannabis causa alterações que podem ser persistentes, mesmo após a cessação do uso, em diversas funções cognitivas. Estes efeitos seriam ainda piores em usuários pesados e com início do uso na adolescência.…”

Section: Qual a Verdadeira Associação Entre Disfunção Cognitiva E O Uunclassified

“…Estes efeitos seriam ainda piores em usuários pesados e com início do uso na adolescência. 1 A partir destes dados, temos algumas ressalvas a fazer. Uma variável que não é avaliada em nenhum estudo e que pode confundir os achados trata-se das disfunções cognitivas pregressas ao uso da droga, resultando na busca e experimento da mesma.…”

Section: Qual a Verdadeira Associação Entre Disfunção Cognitiva E O Uunclassified

Qual a verdadeira associação entre disfunção cognitiva e o uso da cannabis?

Rocha

Lage

2010

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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Anormalidades cognitivas no uso da cannabis

Cited by 63 publications

References 123 publications

Worth the wait: effects of age of onset of marijuana use on white matter and impulsivity

Worth the wait: effects of age of onset of marijuana use on white matter and impulsivity

Persistent cannabis users show neuropsychological decline from childhood to midlife

Qual a verdadeira associação entre disfunção cognitiva e o uso da cannabis?

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