Translation and cross-cultural adaptation into Brazilian Portuguese of the Measure of Parental Style (MOPS) - a self-reported scale - according to the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) recommendations

Abstract

Objective: To describe the translation and adaptation methodology for the Measure of Parental Style, a self-report instrument developed originally in English, following the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research guidelines, comparing this to other methodologies used for the same purposes. Method: Translation and Cultural Adaptation group International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research guidelines were followed (preparation, first forward translation, reconciliation, back translation, revision of back translation, harmonization, cognitive debriefing, revision of debriefing results, syntax and orthographic revision, final report). Conclusion: A careful and qualified cross-cultural translation and adaptation of an instrument contribute for measuring what it is designed to measure across cultures. Presenting this process, besides its final product, provides the opportunity that this experience could be replicated for adaptation of other instruments. Descriptors

Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Rating Scale for Countertransference (RSCT) to American English

“…The original Portuguese version of the scale is available for use free of charge.The authors of the present study developed a version of the RSCT in American English, following recommendations published by the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR). These recommendations are commonly used in our field for translation and cross-cultural adaptation of self-report instruments 15,16. Procedures Recommendations for procedures of translation and cross-cultural adaptation of scales drawn up by the Task Force for Translation and Cultural Adaptation of the ISPOR were followed.There are 10 basic steps to be followed to conduct the translation 17 : 1) Preparation: initial preparation of the instrument before the translation process;2) Forward translation: first translation from source language to the desired target language;3) Reconciliation: comparison and merging of different translations into a single version; 4) Back-translation: translation of the reconciled version from the target language back to the source language; 5) Back-translation review: review of discrepancies between the original version and the version produced by back-translation; 6) Harmonization: comparison of multiple backtranslated versions with each other and with the original version of the scale to harmonize discrepancies; 7) Cognitive debriefing: administration of the instrument to a small number of physicians (in the case of this project) to assess comprehension, interpretation and the cultural relevance of the translation; Review of cognitive debriefing results and finalization; Final Report.…”

Cross-cultural adaptation of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale in Malaysia

“…This method focuses more on semantic and conceptual equivalences than on detailed linguistic issues, which may lead to low content validity. 35 To our knowledge, this is the first translation of SCAS to Malay. Saya perlu sentiasa memastikan saya telah melakukan perkara dengan betul (seperti telah menutup suis, atau telah mengunci pintu).…”

Translation and Cultural Adaptation of the Short-Form Food Frequency Questionnaire for Pregnancy into Brazilian Portuguese

“…The present study is similar to various other studies regarding the process of translation and cultural adaptation. [27][28][29] All the studies followed the recommendation of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) for translating and culturally adapting different questionnaires into Brazilian Portuguese. [27][28][29] The translated SFFFQ to Brazilian Portuguese can now be validated for use in Brazilian pregnant women.…”