Sistemas de psiquiatria forense no mundo

Abstract

A b s t r a c t Objective: The study aims to approach forensic psychiatry within different contexts. It endeavors to show how this specific psychiatry science area is influenced by legal and cultural aspects. Method: The bibliography reviewed had in view understanding the different ways of how to deal with law within the psychiatric sphere, from a cultural point of view. Results: there is a great heterogeneity, of different nature (legal, political, cultural, and religious) that enrich, but at the same time makes difficult, a debate about this issue. Conclusions: there are two great obstacles to achieve a good knowledge about the practice of forensic psychiatry all over the world. The first one is represented by a heterogeneity that makes difficult its description in a comprehensible way. The second is the lack of knowledge of the cultural diverse realities. These difficulties should be a stimulus for newer studies of this characteristic. Only in this way it becomes possible to gradually increase the comprehension of this issue.Descriptors: Forensic psychiatry; Mental health; Comparative study; International law; Culture Resumo Objetivo: Este estudo visa a uma abordagem da psiquiatria forense dentro de diferentes contextos, no sentido de mostrar como essa ciência é influenciada por aspectos legais e culturais. Método: Foi feita uma revisão bibliográfica com o objetivo de apreender formas culturalmente diferentes de se lidar com a lei dentro do campo médico-psiquiátrico. Resultados: Existe uma enorme gama de fatores, de diversas naturezas (legal, política, cultural, religiosa), que enriquece e, simultaneamente, dificulta um debate sobre o tema. Conclusões: Existem dois grandes obstáculos para se adquirir um conhecimento sobre a prática, em todo o mundo, da psiquiatria forense. O primeiro diz respeito a uma heterogeneidade que dificulta sua descrição de forma clara, e o segundo se refere ao próprio desconhecimento de realidades culturalmente muito diferentes. Por outro lado, essas mesmas dificuldades devem representar um estímulo para novos estudos dessa natureza, objetivando a alcançar, pouco a pouco, uma maior compreensão da matéria.

Islam, mental health and law: a general overview

“…Shari’ah is applied in countries in the Middle East, Africa, and Asia [7]. Among these, Saudi Arabia applies its purest form.…”

Factors Associated with Prolonged Institutionalization in Mentally Ill People with and Without a History of Violence and Legal Involvement: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…The question lies in whether it is appropriate or fair that an individual’s freedom is restricted when he/she has not committed a violent crime. Some penal systems worldwide do not even consider the possibility of holding an individual in this situation (Abdalla-Filho, 2006). The Anglo-Saxon forensic system is cautious in analyzing the degree and risk of the dangerousness of the crime itself (Abdalla-Filho, 2003; Darjee et al, 2017).…”

“…In cases in which there is insight impairment, non-adherence to therapy is voluntary. Thus, those individuals who show a behavioral picture, whether psychotic or pathological impulsiveness or even a non-recognition of their illness, with egosymptomatic characteristics, might be more frequently associated with violent and criminal involvement (Abdalla-Filho, 2006; Varshney et al, 2016). Personality disorders, especially psychopathy and some psychotic patients without understanding the need for treatment, could be a harm to them and others.…”

Psiquiatria Forense e Avaliação Pericial da Imputabilidade Penal no Brasil

“…Bolívia, Colômbia, Costa Rica, Cuba, México, Nicarágua, Panamá, Peru e Porto Rico, também são exemplos de jurisdições que preveem a possibilidade de graus intermediários de responsabilidade penal (semi-imputabilidade). Vale salientar que países como a Argentina, Chile, El Salvador e Uruguai não preveem a possibilidade de semi-imputabilidade em suas jurisdições 24 .…”