Aprendizado e memória

Abstract

Memory is broadly divided into declarative and nondeclarative forms of memory. The hippocampus is required for the formation of declarative memories, while a number of other brain regions including the striatum, amygdala and nucleus accumbens are involved in the formation of nondeclarative memories. The formation of all memories require morphological changes of synapses: new ones must be formed or old ones strengthened. These changes are thought to reflect the underlying cellular basis for persistent memories. Considerable advances have occurred over the last decade in our understanding of the molecular bases of how these memories are formed. A key regulator of synaptic plasticity is a signaling pathway that includes the mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase. As this pathway is required for normal memory and learning, it is not surprising that mutations in members of this pathway lead to disruptions in learning. Neurofibromatosis, Coffin-Lowry syndrome and Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome are three examples of developmental disorders that have mutations in key components of the MAP kinase signaling pathway.

A review on alcohol: from the central action mechanism to chemical dependency

“…The hippocampus is known to be necessary for the acquisition of this type of memory, since damage to this region prevents individuals from establishing new explicit memories. 15 However, it is possible to recover older explicit memories that were stored before the damage had occurred. A key element in these events is a signal transduction pathway mediated by Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPK).…”

“…Similarly, the blockade of ERK activity in the hippocampus prevents the hippocampal formation of explicit memories. Excessive alcohol consumption suppresses the phosphorylation of these protein kinases (ERK), 15 which is regulated by GABA. 16 Thus, ethanol abuse prevents activation of the memory circuit, in this case, the explicit memory supported by the hippocampus.…”

Influence of Intradialytic Aerobic Training in Cerebral Blood Flow and Cognitive Function in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

“…There are no reports in literature about the PA-positive effect especially on the basilar artery blood flow. Basilar trunk is responsible for hippocampus vascularization, which is associated with cognitive function, mainly the memory [43]. With aging, there is a decrease in this region, leading to impaired memory and increased risk of dementia.…”

A Memória de Longo Prazo e a Análise Sobre sua Função no Processo de Aprendizagem

“…Este tipo de memória pode ser classificado em quatro tipos: memória de representação perceptual, que corresponde à imagem de um evento preliminar à compreensão do que esse significa; memória de procedimentos, que se trata dos hábitos, habilidades e regras em gerais; memória associativa e não-associativa, ambas se relacionam a algum tipo de resposta ou comportamento (LENT, 2005), Segundo Lombroso (2004), o hipocampo e o lobo temporal medial são responsáveis pela formação das memórias explícitas, ao passo que várias outras regiões do cérebro, incluindo o estriado, a amigdala e o cerebelo, estão envolvidos na memória implícita. Para a formação das memórias de longo prazo é necessário modificações estruturais e funcionais em conexões sinápticas específicas.…”