Structural characteristics and forage mass of Tifton 85 pastures managed under three post-grazing residual leaf areas

Silva, Wilton Ladeira da; Galzerano, Leandro; Reis, Ricardo Andrade; Ruggieri, Ana Cláudia

doi:10.1590/s1516-35982013000400002

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…Measurement of light interception (LI) by the sward in order to determine the best time to start grazing has been used in experimental conditions in tropical regions, mainly in Brazil, because several scientific results showed a correlation between LI with forage production and nutritive value (CUNHA et al, 2010;DIFANTE et al, 2010;GALZERANO et al, 2013;SOUSA et al, 2013;SILVA et al, 2013). The best point to begin animal grazing is considered to be when the sward is achieving an average of 95% light interception.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The best point to begin animal grazing is considered to be when the sward is achieving an average of 95% light interception. Regarding the interruption of animal grazing, the residual leaf area index (rLAI) technique was and is being used in research in different forages and conditions in Brazil (CUTRIM JÚNIOR, 2010SILVA et al, 2013;GALZERANO et al, 2013), though less commonly than other techniques such as measurement of postgrazing heights, herbage allowance, or fixed days.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of postgrazing residue on morphogenetic and structural characteristics of Tifton 85 pastures

Silva

Ruggieri

Reis

et al. 2016

SCA

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The ideal time to start grazing is when pastures reach 95% light interception. The use of residual leaf area index (rLAI) to time the interruption of grazing under intermittent grazing has recently been studied in forage species in different climatic conditions in Brazil. However, studies evaluating the formation and development of leaves and tillers through morphogenetic and structural variables in functional rLAI are still lacking for Tifton 85 pastures. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of varying rLAI in successive grazing cycles on morphogenetic and structural characteristics of Tifton 85 pasture grazed intermittently by sheep. Morphogenetic and structural characteristics were evaluated in three grazing cycles under three rLAI conditions (0.8, 1.6, and 2.4). The regrowth interval (time taken to return to 95% light interception) of pastures increased from 21.33 to 29.66 days with decreasing rLAI. The leaf appearance rate increased at a rate of 0.02 leaves tiller -1 day -1 and the number of live leaves per tiller increased by 0.41 with decreasing rLAI. Phyllochron, leaf elongation rate, final leaf length, leaf senescence rate, and stem elongation rate decreased linearly with decreasing rLAI. The number of live leaves per tiller was lower (7.97) in the third grazing cycle, probably owing to the higher senescence rate observed that same cycle, while the other variables had higher values. The 2.4 rLAI condition promotes excessive stem elongation, reduced leaf appearance, lower number of live leaves per tiller, and increased senescence of leaves, while the 0.8 and 1.6 rLAI conditions promote desirable morphogenetic and structural characteristics, which correlate directly with forage quality. In order to avoid excessive forage losses, grazing must occur preferentially by the end of March, when climatic conditions still support the appropriate development of the plants. Key words: Grazing cycles. Leaves appearance. Light interception. Residual leaf area index. Stem elongation. ResumoO momento de iniciar o pastejo quando os pastos atingem 95% de interceptação luminosa e de interrupção do pastejo por meio de índices de área foliar residual (IAFr), em situação de pastejo intermitente, recentemente vem sendo estudado em espécies forrageiras em distintas condições climáticas do Brasil, porém, pesquisas avaliando a formação e desenvolvimento de folhas e perfilhos por meio das variáveis morfogênicas e estruturais em função de IAFr são ainda inexistentes em pastos de Tifton 85. Por isso,

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of postgrazing residue on morphogenetic and structural characteristics of Tifton 85 pastures

Silva

Ruggieri

Reis

et al. 2016

SCA

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“…Estimates of total dry matter (TDM) in kg DM ha -1 were obtained by collecting two forage samples (1 m 2 ) per paddock, according to the mass evaluation protocol, at points representative of the average sward height (Silva et al, 2013). Because of the limited areas of the paddocks, two representative points were sampled per paddock to avoid damaging the pasture structure through successive collections.…”

Section: Forage Production and Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Production, Forage Quality, and Performance of Holstein Cows under Intermittent Grazing on Tifton 85

Silva¹,

Costa²,

Silva³

et al. 2017

JAS

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Tropical forage grasses compose the base diet of the Brazilian cattle herd due to their low production cost, high production potential, and good adaptation to various Brazilian ecosystems. In recent years, the search has intensified for alternatives that increase the yield in pasture milk production systems. Thus, the present study evaluated the production and quality of Tifton 85 grass in relation to the production parameters (e.g. greater leaf: stem ratio), and milk quality of Holstein cows in an intermittent grazing system during different seasons of the year. The experiment was conducted at the Córrego da Ponte Farm in Santa Helena de Goias, Goias, Brazil, from April 2014 to March 2015. The experiment used a completely randomized design with nine replicates and the four seasons (fall, winter, spring, and summer) as treatments. The Holstein cows had a live weight of 560±36.8 kg and averages four years of age. The grazing method used was a mob-stocking, with one day of grazing and 19 days of rest. The results showed that Tifton 85 was efficient regarding production parameters (total dry mass) and forage quality (IVDMD, NDF, ADF). The milk production was satisfactory during the fall, spring, and summer. The forage showed limited production during the winter, due the highest NDF, ADF levels and lower IVDMD (P < 0.05), which was directly reflected in the milk yield, fat, protein and lactose (P < 0.05). A reduction in the stocking rate or an increase in the number of paddocks is advisable during the winter to maximize milk production without compromising forage development. The correlation data showed the importance of consuming better-quality forage to increase milk production without compromising the levels of milk solids.

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“…Watson (1947) introduziu na ciência da pastagem o conceito de índice de área foliar (IAF) como sendo a área de uma das faces das folhas, dividida pela área de solo que ocupam, no entanto, os primeiros estudos relacionando IAF com plantas forrageiras foram realizados por Brougham (1958) que constatou que o IAF para máxima interceptação da radiação depende de vários fatores como espécie forrageira, elevação do sol, orientação das folhas, se planófilas, eretófilas assim como o formato. O IAF também tem sido utilizado com bastante frequência como estratégia para interrupção do pastejo em experimentos em lotação intermitente (LIMA SANTOS, 2009;CUTRIM JUNIOR et al, 2010;SILVA et al, 2013). De acordo com Lemaire e Chapman (1996), o arranjo espacial do dossel é função das características morfogênicas e estruturais resultantes da estratégia de pastejo adotada e dentre as características morfogênicas que mais afetam a características estruturais do dossel, destacase a taxa de aparecimento de folhas.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Características morfogênicas e estruturais do capim-xaraés submetido a intesidades de pastejo

et al. 2013

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ResumoO objetivo com este trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de índices de área foliar residual (IAFr), anos de avaliação e ciclos de pastejo sobre as características morfogênicas e estruturais do capim-xaraés sob pastejo, em dois verões agrostológicos (anos de avaliação). O experimento foi conduzido na Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" -UNESP, Campus de Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brasil e as intensidades de pastejos foram definidas por quatro IAFr: 0,8; 1,3; 1,8 e 2,3. Quando o dossel interceptou 95% da luz incidente, os animais foram colocados no piquete para o pastejo e permaneceram até que o IAFr alvo foi alcançado. Os pastejos foram realizados por vacas da raça Holandesa (Bos taurus taurus L.) não lactantes, utilizando-se a técnica de mob-stocking. As características morfogênicas e estruturais do capim-xaraés respondem de forma efetiva as mudanças nas condições climáticas. Observa-se variabilidade nas características morfogênicas e estruturais em respostas aos anos de avaliação e ciclos de pastejo dentro de ano. Palavras-chave: Brachiaria, índice de área foliar residual, interceptação de luz, Urochloa AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of residual leaf area index (rLAI), years of evaluation and grazing cycles on the morphogenetic and structural characteristics of xaraés palisadegrass subjected to grazing intensities in two summers (years of evaluation). The experiment was carried out at the Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" -UNESP, Campus de Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brasil and the intensities of grazing were defined by four rLAI: 0.8, 1.3, 1.8 and 2.3. When the canopy intercepted 95% of incident light, the animals were placed on the pasture for grazing and kept until the rLAI target has been reached. Pastures were grazed by non-lactating Holstein cows (Bos Taurus Taurus L.), using the technique of mob-stocking. The morphogenetic and structural characteristics of xaraés palisadegrass respond effectively to weather conditions. There is variability in morphogenetic and structural characteristics in response to years and grazing cycles within years.

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Structural characteristics and forage mass of Tifton 85 pastures managed under three post-grazing residual leaf areas

Cited by 17 publications

References 16 publications

Effects of postgrazing residue on morphogenetic and structural characteristics of Tifton 85 pastures

Effects of postgrazing residue on morphogenetic and structural characteristics of Tifton 85 pastures

Production, Forage Quality, and Performance of Holstein Cows under Intermittent Grazing on Tifton 85

Características morfogênicas e estruturais do capim-xaraés submetido a intesidades de pastejo

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