Metabolic changes in ruminant calves fed cation-anion diets with different proportions of roughage and concentrate

Salles, Márcia Saladini Vieira; Zanetti, Marcus Antônio; Negrão, João Alberto; Salles, Fernando André; Ribeiro, Thiago Mauro Carvalho; Netto, Arlindo Saran; Claro, Gustavo Ribeiro Del

doi:10.1590/s1516-35982012000200026

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…Similar results were observed by Apper-Bossard et al (2010) and Salles et al (2012) that reported lower blood concentration of BE with DCAD reduction. Moreover, in our study, the blood pCO 2 and, consequently, tCO 2 were reduced with DCAD reduction, which indicate that probably respiratory responses also occurred to compensate blood acidification resulting from DCAD reduction.…”

Section: Blood Metabolismsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The blood concentrations of HCO 3 − and blood pH were linearly reduced according to DCAD reduction. This result was similar to those reported by Salles et al (2012), which evaluated the effect of two dietary forage : concentrate ratios (60 : 40 or 40 : 60) associated with increased DCAD (−100 or 400 mEq/kg DM) of Nellore steers, and described that blood pH and concentrations of HCO 3 − were reduced with DCAD reduction.…”

Section: Blood Metabolismsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Moreover, in our study, the blood pCO 2 and, consequently, tCO 2 were reduced with DCAD reduction, which indicate that probably respiratory responses also occurred to compensate blood acidification resulting from DCAD reduction. Similar results were reported by Hu and Murphy (2004) and Salles et al (2012), which observed that pCO 2 linearly reduced when DCAD changed from 635.7 to −191 mEq/kg DM and from 400 to −100 mEq/kg DM, respectively. The pCO 2 reduction suggested an increase in respiratory rate that may occur in order to compensate metabolic acidosis, as CO 2 is a gas that when dissolved in water forms carbonic acid, which dissociates into H + and HCO 3 − contributing to biological fluids acidification.…”

Section: Blood Metabolismsupporting

confidence: 90%

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Effect of dietary cation–anion difference on ruminal metabolism, total apparent digestibility, blood and renal acid–base regulation in lactating dairy cows

Martins

Arcari

Welter

et al. 2016

Animal

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The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) on ruminal fermentation, total apparent digestibility, blood and renal metabolism of lactating dairy cows. Sixteen Holstein cows were distributed in four contemporary 4 × 4 Latin Square designs, which consisted of four periods of 21 days and four treatments according to DCAD: +290; +192; +98 and −71 milliequivalent (mEq)/kg dry matter (DM). Ruminal pH and concentrations of acetic and butyric acid increased linearly according to the increase of DCAD. Similarly, NDF total apparent digestibility linearly increased by 6.38% when DCAD increased from −71 to 290 mEq/kg DM [ Y = 65.90 (SE = 2.37) + 0.0167 (SE = 0.0068) × DCAD (mEq/kg DM)]. Blood pH was also increased according to DCAD, which resulted in reduction of serum concentrations of Na, K and ionic calcium (iCa). To maintain the blood acid-base homeostasis, renal metabolism played an important role in controlling serum concentrations of Na and K, since the Na and K urinary excretion increased linearly by 89.69% and 46.06%, respectively, from −71 to 290 mEq/kg DM. Changes in acid-base balance of biological fluids may directly affect the mineral composition of milk, as milk concentrations of Na, K, iCa and chlorides were reduced according to blood pH increased. Thus, it can be concluded that the increase of DCAD raises the pH of ruminal fluid, NDF total apparent digestibility, and blood pH, and decreases the milk concentration of cationic minerals, as well as the efficiency of Na utilization to milk production.

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Section: Blood Metabolismsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Blood Metabolismsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Blood Metabolismsupporting

confidence: 90%

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Effect of dietary cation–anion difference on ruminal metabolism, total apparent digestibility, blood and renal acid–base regulation in lactating dairy cows

Martins

Arcari

Welter

et al. 2016

Animal

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“…This finding is in line with the investigation of Martins et al (2016), who reported that blood tCO 2 was reduced along with the decrease of dietary DCAD. Salles et al (2012) also reported that blood pCO 2 was linearly related to dietary DCAD when DCAD was reduced from 40.0 to −10.0 mEq/100 g DM. Blood CO 2 resulting from respiration can dissolve into carbonic acid, and be further transformed to bicarbonate and H + , which acidifies the humoral environment.…”

Section: Blood Acid-base Balance and Gasesmentioning

confidence: 90%

Metabolic and blood acid-base responses to prepartum dietary cation-anion difference and calcium content in transition dairy cows

Zhang

Glosson

Bascom³

et al. 2022

Journal of Dairy Science

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Dairy cows commonly undergo negative Ca balance accompanied by hypocalcemia after parturition. A negative dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) strategy has been used prepartum to improve periparturient Ca homeostasis. Our objective was to determine the influence of a negative DCAD diet with different amounts of dietary Ca on the blood acid-base balance, blood gases, and metabolic adaptation to lactation. Multiparous Holstein cows (n = 81) were blocked into 1 of 3 dietary treatments from 252 d of gestation until parturition: (1) positive DCAD diet and low Ca (CON; containing +6.0 mEq/100 g DM, 0.4% DM Ca); (2) negative DCAD diet and low Ca (ND; −24.0 mEq/100 g DM, 0.4% DM Ca); or (3) negative DCAD diet plus high Ca supplementation (NDCA; −24.1 mEq/100 g DM, 2.0% DM Ca). There were 28, 27, and 26 cows for CON, ND, and NDCA, respectively. Whole blood was sampled at 0, 24, 48, and 96 h after calving for immediate determination of blood acid-base status and blood gases. Serum samples collected at −21, −14, −7, −4, −2, −1, at calving, 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28 d relative to parturition were analyzed for metabolic components. Results indicated that cows fed ND or NDCA had lower blood pH at calving but greater pH at 24 h after calving compared with CON. Blood bicarbonate, base excess, and total CO 2 (tCO 2 ) concentrations of cows in ND and NDCA groups were less than those of cows in CON at calving but became greater from 24 to 96 h postpartum. The NDCA cows had lower blood bicarbonate, base excess, and tCO 2 at 48 h and greater partial pressure of oxygen after calving compared with ND. Cows fed ND or NDCA diets had lower serum glucose concentrations than CON cows before calving but no differences were observed postpartum. Serum concentrations of total protein and albumin were greater prepartum for cows in ND and NDCA groups than for those in CON. Postpartum serum urea N and albumin concentrations tended to be higher for ND and NDCA cows. Cows fed ND or NDCA diets had elevated serum total cholesterol concentration prepartum. During the postpartum period, triglycerides and NEFA of cows fed ND or NDCA diets tended to be lower than those of CON. Cows fed the NDCA diet had greater postpartum total cholesterol in serum and lower NEFA concentration at calving than ND. In conclusion, feeding a prepartum negative DCAD diet altered blood acid-base balance and induced metabolic acidosis at calving, and improved protein and lipid metabolism. Supplementation of high Ca in the negative DCAD diet prepartum was more favorable to metabolic adaptation to lactation in dairy cows than the negative DCAD diet with low Ca.

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“…Salles et al (2012) studied the influence of different DCAB levels and their relationship with the proportions of dietary roughage (60-40%) and concentrate (40-60%) on the metabolism of growing weaned Holstein calves fed diets with −100, +200 and +400 mEq/kg of DM. A linear increase following increased dietary cation-anion balance was observed on bicarbonate concentration, carbon dioxide tension, carbon dioxide partial pressure and urine pH.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of cation-anion diets in calcium metabolism in ruminants

et al. 2014

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-The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of the dietary cation-anion balance (DCAB) on the calcium metabolism in male Nellore steers with a mean age of 10 months. Three experimental diets were tested: a cationic diet, a diet consisting of Tifton hay only, and an anionic diet with +15.2, +23.9 and −10.0 mEq/100 g DM of DCAB values in the diet. The anionic diet was calculated as the addition of salts of ammonium chloride and magnesium sulfate. Based on the isotope dilution technique, the negative DCAB value used in this study (−10.0 mEq/100 g DM) does not affect calcium metabolism, especially endogenous losses and true absorption.

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Metabolic changes in ruminant calves fed cation-anion diets with different proportions of roughage and concentrate

Cited by 6 publications

References 14 publications

Effect of dietary cation–anion difference on ruminal metabolism, total apparent digestibility, blood and renal acid–base regulation in lactating dairy cows

Effect of dietary cation–anion difference on ruminal metabolism, total apparent digestibility, blood and renal acid–base regulation in lactating dairy cows

Metabolic and blood acid-base responses to prepartum dietary cation-anion difference and calcium content in transition dairy cows

Evaluation of cation-anion diets in calcium metabolism in ruminants

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