Post-mortem forensic identity testing: application of PCR to the identification of fire victim

Vieira, J A S; Billerbeck, Ana Elisa C.; Iwamura, Edna Sadayo Miazato; Cardoso, Laís de Almeida; Muñoz, Daniel Romero

doi:10.1590/s1516-31802000000300005

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In charred fire victims, both autolytic changes as well as deleterious effects of heat will cause degradation of the DNA. 5 The advantage of using STR technology is that polyacrylamide gels can resolve DNA fragments differing by as little as one nucleotide in length, allowing precise allele designation and thus removing the need for continuous allele distribution models and match guidelines required for conventional DNA profiling methods. 6 Thus, the applicability of Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) analysis can be limited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA Identification in Mass Casualty – Forensic Perspective

Meenakshi Malhotra,

Hemant V. Vaidya,

Naresh P. Zanjad

2022

Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology

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Fire related mass casualty incidents have always been difficult in terms of identification. Often the bodies recovered are in such bad shape making the process near impossible to get them identified through secondary methods of identification. Extremely charred bodies having remnant burnt soft tissue and bones are most difficult to get identified. It is exactly where Primary method of identification i.e. DNA Analysis comes into play.One such incident occurred at a Sanitizer manufacturing factory where tragic massive fire broke out engulfing lives of seventeen adult humans. The victims were trapped because of ongoing fire making it inescapable. On autopsy, necessary samples were preserved and sent for DNA Analysis to Forensic Science Laboratory. Blood samples of all claiming relatives were also sent to the laboratory for cross matching of the DNA. Identity of all victims was thus ascertained, once again proving how DNA Analysis has been a scientific boon to the humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA Identification in Mass Casualty – Forensic Perspective

Meenakshi Malhotra,

Hemant V. Vaidya,

Naresh P. Zanjad

2022

Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology

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“…As the corpse had been cremated immediately after identification by the family, biological material that was encrusted on two projectiles removed from the body was used for analysis (see Figure 1). The dried blood provided enough genomic DNA for PCR-based typing of HLA-DQA1, D1S80, HUMCSF1PO, HUMTPOX, HUMTH01, D3S1744, D12S1090, D18S849, and amelogenin (Soares-Vieira et al 2000. Results of genotyping from the corpse presumed to be that of DLF were then compared with that of his alleged biological parents, revealing genetic incompatibility (Figure 1).…”

Section: Missing Presumed Dead-a Fraudulent Insurance Claimmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA Methods to Identify Missing Persons

Iwamura

Guimarães²,

Evison

2016

Handbook of Missing Persons

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Since its discovery in 1985 by Alec Jeffreys, forensic DNA profiling has emerged as an immensely powerful technology. In this chapter, the development of genetic approaches to forensic human identification will be discussed in a variety of contexts, including the analysis of skeletal remains and other trace evidence. The use of autosomal, X and Y chromosome genetic loci and maternallyinherited mitochondrial DNA in relationship analysis will be briefly reviewed. More recent advances in the application of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) to human identification, particularly in the development of ancestry informative markers (AIMS) and externally visible characteristics (EVCs) will also be introduced, with related socio-ethical issues. A range of case studies are used to illustrate application of these technologies. Forensic genetics has a range of roles in missing person cases, including homicides and human rights related investigations. It is also important in the investigation of living missing persons, including trafficked children and persons displaced due to conflict and migration.Iwamura, E. S. M., . DNA methods to identify missing persons. In Morewitz, S.J. and Sturdy Colls, C. (eds.), Handbook of Missing Persons, New York: Springer, p. 337-52. ISBN 978-3-319-10197-3 (print), 978-3-319-40199-7 (online) doi:10.1007/978-3-319-40199-7_22 3 KeywordsMissing persons, human identification, DNA profiling, kinship analysis, STR, ChrX, ChrY, mtDNA IntroductionHuman identification by DNA analysis in missing person cases typically involves comparison of two categories of sample: a reference sample, which could be obtained from intimate items of the person in question or from family members, and the questioned sample from the unknown person-usually derived from the bones, teeth, or soft tissues of human remains. Exceptions include the analysis of archived tissues, such as those held by hospital pathology departments, and the analysis of samples relating to missing, but living persons. DNA is extracted from the questioned and reference samples and well characterized regions of the genetic code are amplified from each source using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), which generates sufficient copies of the target region for visualization and comparison of the genetic sequences obtained from each sample. If the DNA sequences of the questioned and reference samples differ, this is normally sufficient for the questioned DNA to be excluded as having come from the same source as the individual for whom the reference sample was provided. If the sequences are identical, statistical analysis is necessary to derive the probability that the match is a consequence of the questioned sequence coming from the same individual who provided the reference sample or from some other randomly-occurring individual in the general population. Match probabilities that are currently achievable are frequently greater than 1 in 1 billion, allowing identity to be assigned with considerable c...

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“…These differences are often used in medicine and forensics to determine the sex of fetus or corpse whose sex is in question. For such investigational studies, the methodology of choice is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to distinguish between AMELX and AMELY based on the differences in size between well‐defined genomic DNA regions (26,27). For example, using a forward PCR amplimer to an exon 3 sequence common to both genes and a reverse PCR amplimer to an exon 4 sequence common to both genes would produce an amelogenin‐specific band differing in size for AMELX and AMELY.…”

Section: Amelogeninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tooth developmental biology: disruptions to enamel‐matrix assembly and its impact on biomineralization

Paine

Snead

2005

Orthod Craniofacial Res

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Dental enamel is a composite bioceramic material that is the hardest tissue in the vertebrate body, containing long, thin crystallites of substituted hydroxyapatite (HAP). Over a lifetime of an organism, enamel functions under repeated and immense loads, generally without catastrophic failure. Enamel is a product of ectoderm-derived cells called ameloblasts. Recent investigations on the formation of enamel using cell and molecular approaches are now being coupled to biomechanical investigations at the nanoscale and mesoscale levels. For amelogenin, the principal structural protein for forming enamel, we have identified two domains that are required for its proper self-assembly into supramolecular structures referred to as nanospheres. Nanospheres are believed to control HAP crystal habit. Other structural proteins of the enamel matrix include ameloblastin and enamelin, but little is known about their biological importance. Transgenic animals have been prepared to investigate the effect of overexpression of wild-type or mutated enamel proteins on the developing enamel matrix. Amelogenin transgenes were engineered to contain deletions to either of the two self-assembly domains and these alterations produced significant defects in the enamel. Additional transgenic animal lines have been prepared and studied and each gives additional insights into the mechanisms for enamel biofabrication. This study summarizes the observed enamel phenotypes of recently derived transgenic animals. These data are being used to help define the role of each of the enamel structural proteins in enamel and study how each of these proteins impact on enamel biomineralization.

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Post-mortem forensic identity testing: application of PCR to the identification of fire victim

Cited by 6 publications

References 22 publications

DNA Identification in Mass Casualty – Forensic Perspective

DNA Identification in Mass Casualty – Forensic Perspective

DNA Methods to Identify Missing Persons

Tooth developmental biology: disruptions to enamel‐matrix assembly and its impact on biomineralization

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