Atividade elicitora de fitoalexinas em Soja e Sorgo por extratos e tinturas de espécies medicinais

Abstract

. Alexandre Ferronato, Sinop, Brasil. *sbonaldo@ufmt.br RESUMO -A verificação da capacidade indutora de fitoalexinas a partir de extratos e tinturas de espécies vegetais pode representar uma forma potencial de controle de doenças em plantas cultivadas. O objetivo foi verificar a capacidade de indução de fitoalexinas em cotilédones de Soja e mesocótilos de Sorgo a partir de extratos brutos aquosos (EBAs) e tinturas de espécies medicinais. As espécies utilizadas foram as plantas medicinais Arruda (Ruta graveolens), Manjerona (Origanum majorana) e Carqueja (Baccharis trimera). Os resultados obtidos mostraram que os EBAs são eficientes na indução de fitoalexinas em cotilédones de Soja. Em mesocótilos de Sorgo os EBAs das plantas medicinais Carqueja e Manjerona induzem a produção de fitoalexinas em concentrações elevadas (15, 20, 25 e 50%). As tinturas são capazes de induzir a produção de fitoalexinas em cotilédones de Soja nas concentrações de 10 e 15%, porém, não são capazes de induzir acúmulo de fitoalexinas em mesocótilos de Sorgo.Palavras-Chave: Gliceolina, deoxiantocianidinas, extrato bruto aquoso, tintura. ABSTRACT -Eliciting activity of phytoalexins in Soybean and Sorghum by extracts and tinctures of medicinal species-The verification of the capacity to induce phytoalexins from the biological activity of plant species may represent a potential way to control diseases in crops. This research studied the induction of phytoalexins in cotyledons of Soybean and Sorghum mesocotyles from crude aqueous extracts (CAEs) and tinctures of plants of medicinal and forest species. The species used were the medicinal plants Ruta graveolens, Baccharis trimera and Origanum majorana. The results showed that CAEs are efficient in the induction of phytoalexins in cotyledons of soybean. , while CAEs of medicinal plants Baccharis trimera and Origanum majorana induce phytoalexin production in high concentrations (15, 20, 25 and 50%). Tinctures are able of inducing the production of phytoalexin in concentrations of 10 and 15% in Soybean cotyledons; however, they are not able to induce the accumulation of phytoalexins in Sorghum mesocotyles.

Natural products: the contribution of research developed by a university in Sinop, Brazil

“…Phytoalexins are low-molecular weight antimicrobial secondary metabolites produced by plants in response to physical, chemical, or biological stress that can reduce or prevent phytopathogen activity (MOREIRA et al, 2008). Phytoalexins appear to impart plant resistance to infection by accumulating in tissues and inducing resistance gene expression (MATIELLO; BONALDO, 2013). An example of a phytoalexin is the glycolin (pterocarpanoid) produced by soybean, which is important for resistance against phytopathogens in legumes ( MATIELLO et al, 2016).…”

Biorational control of corn leafhopper and activation of resistance with compounds from Morinda citrifolia.

“…In the context of the crops to be treated, the mobilization of structural barriers and the induction of resistance are actions combined by several factors. These protection mechanisms can be signaled by the synthesis of phytoalexins, which are important indicators of plant immunity and act in the protection and increase of plant resistance (MATIELLO & BONALDO, 2013).…”

In vitro Antifungal Activity of Plant Extracts, Hydrolates and Essential Oils of Some Medicinal Plants and Control of Cucumber Anthracnose

“…The exploration of the biological activity of secondary compounds present in the crude extract or the essential oil of medicinal plants may constitute, along with resistance induction, another potential form of alternative control of diseases of cultivated plants [8]. Studies developed with crude extract and / or essential oil obtained from medicinal plants of the native flora indicated the potential in the control of phytopathogens, by their direct fungitoxic action, inhibiting mycelial growth and spore germination, as well as the induction of phytoalexins and resistance-related proteins, indicating the presence of compounds with the characteristic of elicitors [8,9,10,11].…”