Avaliação agronômica e química de dezessete acessos de erva-cidreira [Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Brown] - quimiotipo citral, cultivados no Distrito Federal

Abstract

RESUMO:A erva-cidreira [Lippia alba (Mill.) (Mill.) N.E.Brown] is a native species used as a medicinal plant all over Brazil. Citral, a major constituent of L. alba essential oil, is responsible for its sedative activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agronomic behavior, content and yield of essential oil and citral in 17 accessions of L. alba from the germplasm bank of University of Brasília -UnB, Brazil. The experiment was carried out from 02/19/2005 to 03/18/2006, in red latosol, at the Federal District, Brazil. The adopted experimental design was in randomized blocks, with three replicates and three plants per plot. The following parameters were evaluated: leaf area, stem length, fresh mass (leaves and stems) production, dry leaf mass production, essential oil and citral content, estimated yield of essential oil and citral per plant, besides characterization of the essential oil aromatic profile. Accessions L41 (0.75%), L45 (0.66%) and L08 (0.62%) showed the highest essential oil content. Accessions L45 (1.32 g pl -1 ) presented the highest essential oil yield, followed by L47 (0.73 g pl -1 ), L41 (0.67 g pl -1 ), L34 (0.67 g pl -1 ) and L33 (0.62 g pl -1 ). Citral content varied from 51.7% (L34) to 75.1% (L09), with an average of 63.6% and predominance of the isomer geranial (36.4%) over neral (27.8%). Accession L45 (0.83 g pl -1 ) showed the highest citral yield. Thirteen accessions presented the chemotype citral; three, the chemotype citrallimonene, and only one had the chemotype citral-myrcene. The results evidenced the potential of accession L45 to produce citral, which can be used to improve the quality of "erva-cidreira" raw material in phytotherapy programs in the country or in breeding programs.

Espécies de Lippia (Verbenaceae), seu Potencial Bioativo e Importância na Medicina Veterinária e Aquicultura

“…NI: Não informado. Tais variações nos constituintes majoritários do óleo essencial, para uma mesma espécie, são decorrentes da parte da planta utilizada para extração, processo de extração e colheita de Lippia spp., ambiente e solo diferenciados (ZOGHBI et al,1998;NOGUEIRA et al, 2007;ESCOBAR et al, 2010;JANNUZZI et al, 2011;BITU et al, 2012), além de outros fatores.…”

“…O comportamento agronômico também possui relevância no rendimento de óleo essencial. Jannuzzi et al (2010) estudando 16 quimiotipos de L. alba observaram que os genótipos com maior área foliar e maior comprimento de hastes tendem a apresentar maior teor de óleo essencial e concentração de linalol. Além disso, que a quantidade de óleo extraído foi inversamente proporcional à produção de massa foliar seca.…”

“…Além disso, que a quantidade de óleo extraído foi inversamente proporcional à produção de massa foliar seca. A variabilidade genética e fenotípica das plantas aromáticas pode ser útil em programas de melhoramento genético e fitoterapia, melhorando a qualidade da matéria prima vegetal (JANNUZZI et al, 2011).…”

“…Produtos bioativos de Lippia spp. são também usados para eliminar fitopatógenos (CAVALCANTI et al, 2010;, fungos e insetos que afetam alimentos estocados (KHANI et al, 2012;PORTILLO-RUIZ et al, 2012).…”

Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Constituents from the Essential Oil of Lippia alba (Verbenaceae)

“…Brown is native to the Americas widely distributed across the Southern United States and Northern Argentina [ 5 ]. In Brazil, this plant is popularly known as lemon balm [ 6 , 7 ] and have been used in folk medicine for the treatment of various diseases, such as gastric diseases, diarrhea, fever, asthma, cough, and soothing, antispasmodic, and emenagoga [ 2 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. As other species from the same genus, phytochemicals from L. alba exhibited antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiprotozoal, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, antioxidant, and acaricidal activities [ 5 ].…”