Influência de alimentos líquidos e sólidos no controle do apetite

Abstract

Este trabalho discute o papel dos alimentos líquidos e sólidos na ingestão alimentar, fundamentando-se em uma revisão crítica sobre o assunto. Utilizaram-se os principais bancos de dados nacionais e internacionais em saúde, entre eles, Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, Lilacs, SciELO. A busca bibliográfica compreendeu o período de 1980 a 2008. Os resultados atuais das pesquisas indicam que o estado físico do alimento pode influenciar o consumo alimentar, tanto a curto quanto a longo prazo, e que os alimentos líquidos exercem um menor poder sacietógeno, em comparação aos sólidos. Os possíveis mecanismos envolvidos nesse fraco controle do apetite pelos líquidos são: falta de mastigação, fase cefálica da ingestão menos pronunciada, esvaziamento gástrico mais rápido e fatores cognitivos. Conclui-se que o uso de alimentos líquidos, em especial bebidas energéticas, deve ser moderado tanto na prevenção como no tratamento da obesidade.

Overweight in men and women among urban area residents: individual factors and socioeconomic context

“…There is no question that the high intake of beverages, particularly those sweetened with sugar, like soft drinks, has been considered by researchers as one of the possible factors associated with weight gain, in a number of countries and for different age groups, this being ascribed to their caloric content and their effect on satiety mechanisms. The potential mechanisms involved in the hypothesis that liquid food satiate less than solid food are the lack of mastication, less pronounced food-intake cephalic phase, and faster gastric voiding, leading individuals to a higher energy intake 47 . Moreover, sweetened beverages present high glycemic index, causing a chronic state of hyperglicemia and hyperinsulinemia, with the consequent gain in weight and body fat 48 .…”

Consumo de refrigerantes e índice de massa corporal em adolescentes brasileiros: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar

“…The relationship between sugary drink consumption and weight gain could be explained by the fact that liquid foods satiate less than solid ones due to lack of chewing, cephalic phase of less pronounced ingestion, faster gastric emptying, and cognitive factors, which influence energy compensation in control of food intake 9 . Besides the physical condition of the food, sugary drinks have a high glycemic index, which leads to a chronic state of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, with a potential increase in weight and body fat 10 .…”

Weight loss promoted by the Intra-oral Alimentary Satiety Device in a morbidly obese patient

“…Several physiological factors and body mechanisms influence food intake and energy compensation, the main ones being: age and sex, which respond to anorexia processes and other eating disorders; body weight, which is influenced by hunger, satiety, food preferences and standards; gastric distension and emptying, which are related to satiety processes; peripheral and central hormones which act on gastric emptying, bowel transit, gastric and intestinal distension, blood glucose levels and hepatic metabolism 21 .…”