High-throughput nucleotide sequence analysis of diverse bacterial communities in leachates of decomposing pig carcasses

Yang, Seung-Hak; Lim, Jeong-Hoon; Khan, Modabber Ahmed; Kim, Bong Soo; Choi, Dong Yoon; Lee, Eun Young; Ahn, Heekwon

doi:10.1590/s1415-475738320140252

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Microbes in these phyla are commonly found in animal gastrointestinal tracts [ 29 ]. Our results were similar to those of [ 30 ], which showed that the sequences matching Firmicutes and Bacteriodetes initially predominated in leachates from swine carcasses, but shifted continuously over time. Genus-level comparisons of bacterial communities between the carcass burial site and manure heap are discussed in section 3.3.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…In addition, Bacteriodetes taxa detected in the carcass leachate (Porphyromonadaceae [unclassified genus] [6.2%], Bacteroidales [unclassified genus] [7.3%]) differed markedly from those in the manure heap ( Flavobacterium [13.9%], Flavobacteriaceae) [unclassified genus] [9.0%], Porphyromonadaceae [unclassified genus] [5.8%]). Interestingly, the bacterial composition differed from that in a previous study [ 30 ], in which the bacterial communities in decomposing swine carcass leachates showed a predominance of uncultured Tissierella spp. and Peptostreptococcus spp.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 86%

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Impacts of leachates from livestock carcass burial and manure heap sites on groundwater geochemistry and microbial community structure

et al. 2017

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We investigated the impacts of leachates from a swine carcass burial site and a cow manure heap on the geochemical and microbiological properties of agricultural water samples, including leachate, groundwater from monitoring wells and background wells, and stream water. The leachate from the livestock burial site showed extremely high electrical conductivity, turbidity, and major ion concentrations, but low redox potential and dissolved oxygen levels. The groundwater in the monitoring wells adjacent to both sites showed severe contamination from the leachate, as indicated by the increases in EC, turbidity, Cl-, and SO42-. Bacteria from the phylum Firmicutes and Bacteriodetes and Archaea from the phylum Euryarchaeota were the major phyla in both the leachates and manure heap. However, the class- or genus-level components of these phyla differed markedly between the leachate and manure heap samples. The relative abundance of Firmicutes decreased from 35% to 0.3~13.9% in the monitoring wells and background wells at both sites. The Firmicutes in these wells was unlikely to have originated from the transportation of leachate to the surrounding environment because Firmicutes genera differed drastically between the leachate and monitoring wells. Meanwhile, sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) from the livestock carcass burial site were detected in the monitoring wells close to the leachate. This was likely because the release of carcass decomposition products, such as organic acids, to adjacent areas improved the suitability of the local environments for SRB, which were not abundant in the leachate. This study highlights the need to better understand microbial community dynamics along groundwater flow paths to evaluate bacterial transport in subsurface environments and provides new insights into the effective management of groundwater quality at both farm and regional scales.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 86%

Impacts of leachates from livestock carcass burial and manure heap sites on groundwater geochemistry and microbial community structure

et al. 2017

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“…These continually shifting bacterial communities in leachates might affect the surrounding environment, including soil and groundwater at or near the burial site, and lead to changes in the composition of organic materials, indigenous microbes, and symbionts. In agreement with results of this study, bacterial communities in leachates from decomposing swine carcasses were also shown to change continuously throughout decomposition [ 12 ]. These results showed the potential for opportunistic pathogens in burial leachates to multiply during decomposition.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…To date, only a few studies have examined the characteristics of uncultured microbial communities in burial sites [ 11 , 12 ]. The presence of uncultivable bacteria has been demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE), although these studies were limited by low detection rates of microbes in landfill leachate plumes [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of bacterial communities in leachate from decomposing bovine carcasses

Yang

Ahn

Kim

et al. 2017

Asian-Australas J Anim Sci

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ObjectiveBurial is associated with environmental effects such as the contamination of ground or surface water with biological materials generated during the decomposition process. Therefore, bacterial communities in leachates originating from the decomposing bovine carcasses were investigated.MethodsTo understand the process of bovine (Hanwoo) carcass decomposition, we simulated burial using a lab-scale reactor with a volume of 5.15 m3. Leachate samples from 3 carcasses were collected using a peristaltic pump once a month for a period of 5 months, and bacterial communities in samples were identified by pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene.ResultsWe obtained a total of 110,442 reads from the triplicate samples of various sampling time points (total of 15 samples), and found that the phylum Firmicutes was dominant at most sampling times. Differences in the bacterial communities at the various time points were observed among the triplicate samples. The bacterial communities sampled at 4 months showed the most different compositions. The genera Pseudomonas and Psychrobacter in the phylum Proteobacteria were dominant in all of the samples obtained after 3 months. Bacillaceae, Clostridium, and Clostridiales were found to be predominant after 4 months in the leachate from one carcass, whereas Planococcaceae was found to be a dominant in samples obtained at the first and second months from the other two carcasses. The results showed that potentially pathogenic microbes such as Clostridium derived from bovine leachate could dominate the soil environment of a burial site.ConclusionOur results indicated that the composition of bacterial communities in leachates of a decomposing bovine shifted continuously during the experimental period, with significant changes detected after 4 months of burial.

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“…Carcasses contain significant amounts of organic N that can be hydrolyzed to ammonia under aerobic conditions, and which then can be further oxidized to nitrite (by nitrosomonas) and then nitrate (by nitrobacters) (Anthonisen et al, 1976). Highthroughput nucleotide sequence analysis can provide insight in bacterial community successions for buried animal carcasses (Yang et al, 2015).…”

Section: Digestate Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Lab-scale evaluation of aerated burial concept for treatment and emergency disposal of infectious animal carcasses

et al. 2018

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Nearly 55,000 outbreaks of animal disease were reported to the World Animal Health Information Database between 2005 and 2016. To suppress the spread of disease, large numbers of animal mortalities often must be disposed of quickly and are frequently buried on the farm where they were raised. While this method of emergency disposal is fast and relatively inexpensive, it also can have undesirable and lasting impacts (slow decay, concerns about groundwater contamination, pathogens re-emergence, and odor). Following the 2010 foot-and-mouth disease outbreak, the Republic of Korea's National Institute of Animal Science funded research on selected burial alternatives or modifications believed to have potential to reduce undesirable impacts of burial. One such modification involves the injection of air into the liquid degradation products from the 60-70% water from decomposing carcasses in lined burial trenches. Prior to prototype development in the field, a laboratory-scale study of aerated decomposition (AeD) of poultry carcasses was conducted to quantify improvements in time of carcass decomposition, reduction of potential groundwater pollutants in the liquid products of decomposition (since trench liners may ultimately leak), and reduction of odorous VOCs emitted during decomposition. Headspace gases also were monitored to determine the potential for using gaseous biomarkers in the aerated burial trench exhaust stream to monitor completion of the decomposition. Results of the lab-scale experiments show that the mass of chicken carcasses was reduced by 95.0 ± 0.9% within 3 months at mesophilic temperatures (vs. negligible reduction via mesophilic anaerobic digestion typical of trench burial) with concomitant reduction of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD; 99%), volatile suspended solids (VSS; 99%), total suspended solids (TSS; 99%), and total ammonia nitrogen (TAN; 98%) in the liquid digestate. At week #7 BOD and TSS in digestate met the U.S. EPA standards for treated wastewater discharge to surface water. Salmonella and Staphylococcus were inactivated by the AeD process after week #1 and #3, respectively. Five gaseous biomarkers: pyrimidine; p-cresol; phenol; dimethyl disulfide; and dimethyl trisulfide; were identified and correlated with digestate quality. Phenol was the best predictor of TAN (R = 0.96), BOD (R = 0.92), and dissolved oxygen (DO) (R = -0.91). Phenol was also the best predictor populations of Salmonella (R = 0.95) and aerobes (R = 0.88). P-cresol was the best predictor for anaerobes (R = 0.88). The off-gas from AeD will require biofiltration or other odor control measures for a much shorter time than anaerobic decomposition. The lab-scale studies indicate that AeD burial has the potential to make burial a faster, safer, and more environmentally friendly method for emergency disposal and treatment of infectious animal carcasses and that this method should be further developed via prototype-scale field studies.

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High-throughput nucleotide sequence analysis of diverse bacterial communities in leachates of decomposing pig carcasses

Cited by 10 publications

References 43 publications

Impacts of leachates from livestock carcass burial and manure heap sites on groundwater geochemistry and microbial community structure

Impacts of leachates from livestock carcass burial and manure heap sites on groundwater geochemistry and microbial community structure

Comparison of bacterial communities in leachate from decomposing bovine carcasses

Lab-scale evaluation of aerated burial concept for treatment and emergency disposal of infectious animal carcasses

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